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Existing MAC protocols have number of limitations for industrial application domain.
TMAC, which is an improvement of S-MAC, addresses this problem and dynamically adapts its duty cycle through fine-grained timeouts.
The node receiving a packet identifies the context of it and checks the buffer condition in terms of the number of packets received.
In the above two equations, α is the current node in the gird, while λ is the total number of nodes in the sensor network.
Number of nodes 100nos 2.

Samples were subjected to the cycling heat/frost and effect of a number of cycles on final bond behaviour of both UHPC and ordinary concrete were investigated.
A number of tested samples is also a very important factor.
For more reliable statistical evaluation of short-term average shear stress, it would be suitable to increase number of tested samples in order to specify values of the stress better, namely during first movements of reinforcement (0,002 – 0,1 mm).
Samples were identically maintained as samples from concrete C50/60 and were subjected to the same number of cycles.
Fine-grained structure of UHPC in connection with excellent material parameters would resist on a long-term basis to extreme conditions represented undoubtedly by these freezing cycles.

The listing data suggests the necessity of a large number of parameters.
n –number of crystallization nuclei calculated for surface or volume unit, 1/m2 or 1/m3, DT – calculated local undercooling (from F-K model), [K] The parameters of above empirical equation (soft modeling): DTm-(i) – average undercooling corresponding to the maximum nucleation intensity, i=s (surface nucleation on casting-mould interface) or i=v (volume nucleation), 5,5 [K] DTσ – standard deviation, 0,5 [K] nmax – theoretical maximal nucleation density which can be reached when whole nucleation sites will be activated during cooling (nmax is determined experimentally for the given alloy), 2e10 [1/m3] The empirical grow model υ=f(t) (e.g.
Then the next stage of validation is presented, Principal chosen parameters governing the heat transfer, nucleation and growth phenomena: Hcast-insul (heat transf.coeff.)=10000 W/m2K Hcast-chilll (heat transf.coeff.)=2500 W/m2K 1 - Empirical nucleation model – nucleation distribution (Gauss distrib.), table 1 ΔTm-s(mean surf.undercooling) = 5K and ΔTm-s-Ch-HI=10 ns (max nuclei surf.number) = 1e5 1/m2 and ns-Ch = 8e5 ΔTm-v (mean volume undercooling)=2K nv (max nuclei volume number)=8e6 1/m3 σΔT=0,4 K 2 – Empirical dendrite growth model (Kurz-Giovanola-Trivedi), table 1] a2 (growth coeff.) =2,9e-3 mm/(sK-2) a3 (growth coeff.) =1e-9 mm/(sK-3) Oriented columnar structure Dendrite Arm Spacing (DAS) = 15 to25 μm (CET=Columnar Equiaxed )transition) 10mm 100μm CET experim= 62±6 CET simulat = 61±3 Cu – chill diam. 70 mm Cu – chill diam. 70 mm High insulating material High insulating material a.
Thevoz, A Three-Dimensional Cellular Automaton-Finite Element Model for the Prediction of Solidification Grain Structures, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 3153-3165
-A., Rappaz M., A Coupled Finite ElementCellular Automaton Model for the Prediction of Dendritic Grain Structures in Solidification Processes, Acta Metall.

Therefore, the TiO2 films include a large number of C atoms may cause to decrease the transparent of TiO2 films, and -OH groups on the surface cause to unstable of the TiO2 films.
From the SEM images, it is found that the grain size increased with increasing the annealing temperature.
Fig. 4(a)~(d) show the microstructure of the surface that annealed from 200 to 900°C, the grain size of the TiO2 films were increased from 0.74 nm to 2.81 nm.

It can be seen that there are twins at the early stage, and with the increase of deformation degree, the density of twins increase which leads to grain refinement and carbide precipitation.
It can be seen that there are dislocation groups, stacking faults, crossing of stacking faults with twins and crystal grain be refined.
With the increase of deformation, a large number of high density deformation twins appear.

As visible light accounts for the large proportion of the solar spectrum, therefore, the development of visible-light-driven photocatalysts has become one of the most challenging topics recently.Rencently, a great number of novel semiconductor photocatalysts have been developed, such as BiVO4[10],InVO4[11], Bi2WO6 [12] and so on.
With further increasing temperature to 750℃, XRD patterns of the prepared samples showed sharper,which indicated a better crystallinity and increase in grain size.
Apparently, the crystal size of the samples increased with the calcination temperature, which implied that high temperature favored the stage of the grain growth according to the theory of thermodynamic nucleation and growth.

However, the affecting factors of livestock production are intricate and complicated, and there exits the characteristic of the uncertainty and non-linear between livestock production and a number of their affecting factors, the traditional forecasting methods to solve such highly nonlinear problems has great limitations, therefore, based on the analysis of affecting factors of livestock production the models we established are more able to reflect the internal relations and development trend of the livestock production changes.
National natural science foundation “the research on benign competition and cooperation development mechanism of breeding and grain production based on grain security in northeast region” (71173035).2.

Micro and mini formability is closely related to the number of grains involved in forming process.
The grain size of micro and mini formed materials should be reduced as the pattern size to be formed decreases.

Introduction Aluminum alloy has some advantageous properties that make them an excellent choice for a number of applications.
Metallurgical properties such as the microstructure, alloy constants, grain size and grain form, and non-metallic inclusion content, whilst having a small effect on the strength and the hardness, have a significant effect on the ductile fracture criteria.

Vendor support and utility adoption of the CIM for managing distribution systems will help reduce the long-term costs of application and system integration at a time when the number of integration points is increasing.
Business process languages, such as BPEL, extend the service concepts by providing a method of defining and supporting orchestration of the fine grained service into more coarse-grained business services, which in turn can be incorporated into workflows and business processes.