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At present, many synthesis routes were explored to synthesize SiO2-CuO core-shell, such as vapour deposition, plasma-assisted technique, chemical reduction and self-assembly [3,5,6].
From previous studies [8], we reported the size reduction of CuO nanoparticles with addition of ammonia (NH3) as catalyst.
The monoclinic CuO phase obtained was in good agreement with result reported by Wang et.al [12] and standard data (JCPDS 80-1916).

Introduction Transition metal borides are usually produced by the reduction of metal oxides with carbon and boron oxide at high temperature [1], and metal carbides, by the direct reaction of the metal and graphite powders at high temperatures [2].
Niobium carbides and niobium borides can be synthesized by several methods, but the most usual are the reduction of metal oxides with carbon and boron oxide at high temperature [1], and metal carbides, by the direct reaction of the metal and graphite powders at high temperatures [2].
Barin: Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances (VCH, Weinheim 1995) p. 679, 1159, 1163

From vibration theory, reduction in stiffness is associated with decrease in natural frequencies and modification of the modes of vibration of the structure.
This is because of the fact that crack introduces a local reduction of stiffness corresponding to the cracked element.
References [1] Cerri M.N., Ruta G.C.: Detection of localized damage in plane circular arches by frequency data, Journal of sound and vibration, Vol. 270 (2004), p. 39-59

Case study and results The formulation was illustrated with a case study using data of a typical glass-vinylester composite (E0 = 1.1E10 N m-2, B = 1.5E7, ρ = 1940 kg m-3) which was tested by Daniel et al. [23].
By comparing results from this numerical solution with the analytical solutions available, it was found that excellent temporal and spatial correlation is achieved and thus conclusions from the numerical results can be drawn with confidence, namely: · The numerical results for the damped and undamped cases are in excellent agreement (up to 95% accuracy) with the analytical results for displacement, strain and stress (Cases 1 and 2) · Reduction in peak strain and stress is only significant (up to 11%) with 5% of critical damping · The effect of consideration of strain-rate was found to have little effect on strains but a considerable increase (up to 95% more compared to Case 1) in the peak stresses was observed (Case 3) but a reduction in the peak stresses ( up to 70% more compared to Case 1) was found to occur with the consideration of damping and strain-rate together (Case 4) Acknowledgements This study is part of a research program being jointly funded by the EPSRC (UK) and DSTL

The reduction of area per die is between 10 and 20%.
We can remark that a considerable reduction of the mean diameter of the graphite filaments had occurred.
Indeed, graphite resistivity measurements reported in the literature reveal a huge data scattering.

It destroys the hazardous organics and immobilizes heavy metals and radioactive elements, and additionally, it provides volume reductions that can vary between 40 and 99% [5-9].
Results and Discussion 3.1 Heat treatment parameters The preliminary data generated using the DTA technique on an as-quenched sample is showed in Fig. 2 where a slop change at ~700°C indicating a glass transition temperature followed by an exothermic peak, a shoulder one covering the range 750-850°C and well defined one at 923°C.
The high crystallization degree caused a reduction of the open porosity so that the glass-ceramics material showed good water resistance.

The AuNPs/ZnFe2O4 samples prepared by the colloidal deposition methods were characterized by X-ray Diffractometer(XRD), The diffraction data was investigated 2θ angles between 10°and 90°.
Owing to the existence and stability of the sun, so the photocatalytic properties experiments were evaluated by the reduction of the reduction of methyl orange under UV-light.

These data presented that the development of the information technology is speeding, but there are many problems in the development of Xinjiang electronic government.
The initial Xinjiang E-government applications implemented reflected the traditional views of information communication technology in government, focusing on improvement in speed and reduction in cost of the services delivered.
References [1] Agarwal, P:Economic growth and poverty reduction: evidence from Kazakhstan”, Asian Development Review, (2007)Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 90-115

Various constitutive equations based on dislocation density evolution during hot forming have been developed from the experimentally measured data to describe the sensitivity of the flow stress to the strain [7, 10].
The reduction in height has been chosen as 60% (true strain: 0.9) at the end of the compression tests to avoid barreling.
Moreover, it is observed that error levels decrease by reduction of the strain rate.

The TPDRO machine (Thermo Finnigan, 1100 SERIES) was used to study the temperature programme reduction (TPR) for this catalyst at 10 oC/min up to 1173 K. 50mg catalyst was loaded into a glass column which was placed inside the equipment under the flow of pure hydrogen at 20 ml/min.
Ethanol steam reforming was carried out at atmospheric pressure by varying the catalyst loading in the reactor bed from 0.1 g to 2 g at 600 oC, with other parameters were constant such as catalyst reduction conditions, nitrogen flowrate (50% v/v) and steam to ethanol molar ratio (fixed at 6.5 to 1).
It was observed similarly in Hi-FUEL catalyst as there was no ethylene produced at all data points.