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The much weaker intensity of the (0002) peak as compared with that in the standard JCPDS card (36-1451) provides further evidence of the tubular structure.
The weaker peaks marked with star symbol can be roughly indexed to the structure of Zinc chloride hydroxide hydrate (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·2H2O) (JCPDS 07-0155), which may imply that the ZnO tube structure come out of the transition precursor of smithsonite (Zn5(OH)8Cl2·2H2O) that easily occurs in these hydrothermal system [9].
At the second stage, the spindle-shaped nanotubes aggregate into peculiar micro bundles by self assembly way due to the polarity and polar growth mechanism of ZnO, which can be described as a number of alternating planes composed of O2- and Zn2+ ions in tetrahedral coordination, staked alternately along the c axis.

Introduction Spinel compounds have recently attracted considerable attention because they have wide promising applications as efficient catalysts in a number of heterogeneous chemical processes, such as catalytic combustion of hydrocarbons, CO oxidation, or selective oxidation and reduction of several organic molecules [1-4].
All the strong peaks are consistent with the standard JCPDS card of ZnCo2O4 (JCPDS, PDF 23-1390).

Producing the alloy by conventional melting methods poses a number of challenges related to the high melting points of Ti and Pt, and difficulties in achieving alloy homogeneity.
The bottom pattern shows the TiPt B19 martensite pattern obtained from the JCPDS database (card 00-019-0917), for comparison with the pattern from the annealed sample.
%Pt powder, after milling for 4 hours, and after annealing at 600 °C in a vacuum furnace (10-4 kPa) for 5 hours, compared with the JCPDS card for B19 TiPt martensite (00-019-0917).
The XRD patterns of Fig. 5 show the emergence of reflection peaks that correspond to the strong peaks of the B19 TiPt martensite phase from the JCPDS file.

JCPDS cards were used for naming the crystallized phases over the whole range of crystallization.
The values obtained for ∆Cp changes at Tg for the two glasses seem to be justified in the light of the available explanations, but on the other hand, the contradiction represented by the huge difference in the amount of heat accompanying crystallization of both glasses, could be due to their different ability or readiness for crystallization as a result of major differences in the number and strength of broken oxygen bonds or bridges in the two glasses [15,16].
As temperature is increased to just above ≈ 970 ͦ C, enstatite is still the major crystallizing phase, but with much more amount of co-crystallized forsterite as reflected by the increased intensity of its XRD peaks (JCPDS 340189).
Above the softening temperature of the glass (≈ 1050 ͦ C), forsterite becomes the predominantly crystallizing phase with just traces of enstatite as proven by rather weak-intensity XRD peaks (JCPDS 190768).

.%, the W(110),(211) peaks (JCPDS card 04-0806) exist.
The slight mismatch of the experimental data compared to the JCPDS Data Base [7] may suggest a presence of very fine α-Ti precipitates in W matrix [7].
These islands structure grow with the increase of the number of atoms, the occurrence of "island" and "island" between the connection, and hence the W-Ti film layer structure and the layered structure of W-Ti thin film is formed [9,10].
Chinese J Rare Metals, 2008, 32( 2): 240, [7] JCPDS—International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD), PCPDFWIN v. 2.00(1998)

This slow cooling step while crossing the liquidus line of Al4SiC4 should ensure a limited number of nuclei.
The 2θ positions of the diffraction peaks compared to the expected ones given in the JCPDS Al4SiC4 diffraction pattern (n° 00-035-1072) are very similar and confirm the formation of the Al4SiC4 phase in the hexagonal structure (Space group P63mc).
The lattice parameters calculated from the XRD patterns are x = 0.32812 (±0.00045) nm and c = 2.17042 (±0.00554) nm; they are very close to those given in the JCPDS card above mentioned (x = 0.32771 nm, c = 2.1676 nm).

There are a number of reports devoted to the investigation of structural properties of ZnO deposited by different methods [18, 19, 20, 21, 22].
They were identified as reflections of the (311), (020), (021) planes, respectively, of H12N2O16Zn5 compound [32, JCPDS 024-1460].
[23] Selected Powder Diffraction Data for Education Straining (Search manual and data cards), Published by the International Centre for diffraction data, 432 (1997).
[32] Selected Powder Diffraction Data for Education Straining (Search manual and data cards), Published by the International Centre for diffraction data, 432 (1997).
JCPDS 024-1460 [33] A.

The XRD pattern of the composite shows crystalline diffraction peaks that can be indexed as Bragg reflections of TiO2 anatase with tetragonal symmetry and space group I41/amd (JCPDS 22-1272 card) [12].
In this sense, as consequence of this common interface between both solids, created during along the homogenization of suspended mixture, some of total number sites of adsorption would be lost.
[13] JCPDS – International Centre for Diffraction Data.
Copyright© JCPDS-ICDD. 2000

The diffraction peaks at 20.95° (100), 26.75° (101), 60.25° (211) and 68.66° (301) were assigned to quartz phases of SiO2, corresponding to JCPDS no. 29-0828.
Small peaks were detected for the formation of the magnesian calcite phase and represented as diffraction peaks at 2θ of 39.60° (JCPDS card No. 86-2335), while the broad peaks at 19.84° and 35.30° (JCPDS No. 03-0014) were characteristic of montmorillonite [12] as a crystal structure consisting of two tetrahedral silicate layers and an edge-shared octahedral layer of alumina or magnesia.
The strong hysteresis loops was observed at relative pressures (P/P0) from 0.4 to 1.0 for the diatomite calcined at 300-700 oC, indicating the presence of a large number of mesopores [15].

Fig1 was compared to standard JCPDS card Ho: Tm, it can be found that Tm,Ho: BYF and pure BYF (JCPDS 45-0246) are similar, they all belongs to the monoclynic crystal system, space group: C2 / m.
The relationship between the absorption cross-section and absorption coefficient are: （3） Where, N0 is the number of doped ions in unit volume.