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INTRODUCTION Al-Si alloys are typically used as light metals in casting and die casting, and are extensively used for automobile parts, such as pistons and cylinder heads.
In these applications, Al-Si alloys are often used under repeated loading conditions, and so it is especially important to increase their fatigue strength.
Previously, Kobayashi et al (1) have reported on the propagation of fatigue cracks in Al-Si casting materials, and research has suggested that only equilibrium Si phases with diamond structure are formed, in contrast to the formation of a quasi-stable states, such as the GP-zone in Al-Cu alloys.
Specimens An Al-1.2mass%Si alloy was made by melting 99.99% Al and 99.999% Si in an alumina crucible in the atmosphere.
strength,�B , and fracture elongation, El, with aging time, tA.

Appendino et al., 2004, vitrified incineration ashes of solid wastes containing heavy metals at a temperature of 1400°C.
Naga and El-Maghraby, 2003, studied wastes of 30% Cu content as a flux for ceramics baked for one hour at 1175°C.
Magalhães et al., 2004, used 1 to 10% of wet galvanic sludge for stabilization of Zn, Ni, Ca, Cu, Cr at various temperatures.
But chemical compositions of these two pairs are very different, especially in contents of Al, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe.
The list of industrial and municipal wastes as raw materials for new goods production. http//:www. ufpr.br/~seva [10]Naga, S M., El-Maghraby, A, 2003.

Wang et el: Applied Surface Science Vol. 255 (2009), p. 8603
Wang et el: Surface & Coatings Technology Vol. 204 (2010), p. 3559
Murugan et al.: Journal of Physics D Applied Physics Vol. 39 (2006), p. 3974

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Kratos XSAM800) spectra was obtained by using Al Ka radiation (12 kV and 15 mA) as an excitation sourceAll samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (Agilent GC-6890) equipped with a flame ionization detector and a SE-30 supelco column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25-um film).
As reported by Table 2 Effect of water/organic mixtures on p-CNB hydrogenation water/alcohols Conversion (%) Selectivity (%) p-CAN p-CNSB AN methanol 45.3 72.4 27.6 0 ethanol 68.3 67.9 32.1 0 i-propanol 46.0 67.1 32.9 0 n-butanol 28.6 61.1 38.9 0 1,4-dioxane 18.2 93.8 6.2 0 Reaction conditions: catalyst: 1.0 μmol, temperature: 288 K, ethanol: 4.0mL, H2O: 1.0mL, p-CNB: 1.0mmol, time: 0.5 h Ning et al.[13], the catalytic activity promoted by water was a consequence of competition between water and ethanol on surface adsorption.
Pietrowski et al.[14] proposed that the hydrogen bonds between o-CAN and water in the solvent played a key role in improving the catalytic hydrogenation rate.
El-Hout, H.M.

Ramesh et al. studied the effect of cryogenic treatment on the corrosion resistance of rebars [10].
German et al. employed the numerical simulation to study the effect between rebar’s corrosion and concrete cover [11].
Maksimov et al. [13] improved the production technology and equipment of glass fiber rebar.
References [1] Zaky AI, El-Morsy A, El-Bitar T.
Procedia Engineering, 173, PP: 905-909, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.12.139 [3] Gardner L, Bu Y, Francis P, et al.

The Al and Cu are blended in the ratio 95:5.
Commercial grade of Al and Cu are taken for blending.
Stress Vs Displacement for Al Cu powder Fig. 12.
Load Vs Displacement for Al Cu powder Conclusion In this experiment, · Al Cu compact underwent severe plastic deformation
[4] Mohamed Ibrahim Abd El Aal et al, “Tensile Properties and Fracture Characteristics of ECAP-Processed Al and Al-Cu Alloys” Met.

The finding is supported by the studies of Liang et.al. and Block et.al. [22, 27].
[8] A.L.
El-Ashtoukhy, N.
El-Desoky, M.M.
El-Sheikh and N.M.

(a), or given TMP from preheat of 1260°C consisting of compressions ε = 0.35 at 1100°C, 1000°C, 900°C with air cooling (CVN 29J, σy 681MPa, 18% el.), (b) or fan cooled (CVN 29J, 714MPa, 16% el.)
Proc., K.O Finlay et al., eds., AIST Warrendale, PA (2009), pp.515-525 [3] H.J.
McQueen, et al., eds., Met.
Taleff et al. eds., TMS-AIME Warrendale PA. (2000), pp.79-92
Abrams et al., eds., ASTM (Pub. 672), Philadelphia, PA, (1979), pp. 145-168

Hashish [4] and Paul et al [5]).
Zeng and Kim [13], and El-Domiaty et al [14, 15]).
El-Domiaty, and A.A.
El-Domiaty, M.A.
Al-Sabeeh: Int.

The examples of successful commercial Al alloys based on the “± effect” are Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Cu-Li, Al-Zn-Mg, Al-Mg-Si etc.
TEM BF images showing development of G-P zones in (a) Al-Cu, (b) Al-Cu-Mg, (c) Al-Zn-Mg, and (d) Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based alloys.
Figure 8 shows the development of G-P zones during natural aging of (a) Al-Cu [21], (b) Al-Cu-Mg [22], (c) Al-Zn-Mg [23], and (d) Al-Zn-Mg-Cu [24] based alloys.
Table 11 Development of T87 strength properties in 2219 plates %Pre-age stretching Tensile properties % Reduction in pre-age cold rolling Tensile properties 0.2% PS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %EL GL=50 mm 0.2% PS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %EL GL=50 mm 2% L T 313 303 401 400 12.3 11.7 2% L T 324 312 412 408 10.8 9.5 4% L T 316 310 409 391 12.8 12.7 4% L T 340 324 432 419 10.0 10.9 6% L T 385 322 470 410 11.0 12.5 6% L T 352 347 436 436 10.2 9.0 7% L T 384 366 472 458 12.1 11.4 7% L T 375 369 460 461 11.2 10.0 The most common heat treatment given to 6xxx, certain 2xxx series alloys such as 2014 & 2618 (containing Si to stimulate nucleation of strengthening precipitates) and to 7xxx series Al alloys (for limited applications) is peak aged temper T6 i.e. solution treatment followed by artificial aging.
Table 12 Mechanical properties and SCC data of 5 mm thick 7449 sheets Temper 0.2%PS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %EL EC (%IACS) K1SCC (MPa m1/2) T651-L 585-601 625-635 12-13 31.0 <18 T7751-L 565-575 598-602 10-11 36.3 23 Table 13 Tensile properties of 18 mm dia 7055 extrusions Temper 0.2%PS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %El %IACS T6 725 757 13 31.0 T77 (RRA) 683 697 11 36.5 T77 (RRA) 673 685 12 37.0 Influence of Micro and Trace Alloying Elements on the Microstructure and Properties of 7xxx Series Al Alloys Figure 13.