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The nickel nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction method and of particle size around 10-15 nm reported by Khanna et al. [19].
It reveals that the ion irradiation leads to polymer chain scissioning and subsequently reduction in molecular weight.
For the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) measurement, the samples were cooled down from room temperature to 5 K in the absence of an external magnetic field and the magnetic data were acquired during the warming run in a constant external field.
In the field-cooled (FC) measurements, the samples were initially cooled down to 5 K in the presence of a magnetic field and the FC data were recorded during the warm up cycle in the same magnetic field.
Such characteristic behavior of FC magnetization data is attributed to ferromagnetism in material [32].

From the experimental data it is not evident this needs to be considered.
This reduction in channel length must be due to doping variation.
Same data as on the left.
For long transistors, the data suggests that the channel is no longer in equilibrium.
Sveinbjörnsson, “A strong reduction in the density of near-interface traps at the SiO2 / 4H-SiC interface by sodium enhanced oxidation,” J.

The present paper aims to briefly summarize our recent data on the high temperature superplastic flow in oxide ceramics, and to describe how the grain boundary atomic structure can effectively improve the superplasticity.
located in the upper portion of the existing data.
The reduction in the ionic bonds between the oxygen anions and zirconium cations must enhance the diffusion of the Zr cations and thereby reduce the flow stress of the TZP, because the decreased flow stress in the (Ti-Ge) co-doped TZP is attributed to the enhancement of the δDgb of the Zr cations.
The increase in the covalency of the grain boundaries segregated with Ti and Ge cations is thus an indication of the enhanced grain boundary cohesion and hence a reduction in the grain boundary energy.
When comparing the flow behavior of the previous data for the monolithic, Y2O3-stabilized TZP [1, 9, 13, 17] and Y2O3-stabilized TZP-based composite materials [38, 39], the PX172-G attained superplasticity at a temperature lower than the conventional superplastic TZP materials reported in earlier studies.

In recent years, the use of magnesium alloys for home electric appliances and automotive parts has been increasing because weight reduction can be achieved.
The temperature of the molten metal was sequentially measured using a data logger.

To investigate the transition, the fretting wear tester was contrived to prevent the reduction of relative displacement between tube and support by increasing the load.
After the tests, the change in the wear scar of the tube was recorded by using surface profile meter and these data was used for estimating approximate wear volume.

How to compute data correlation?
The last col. indicates the percentage reduction in time.
In comparison to basic ATPG, our results show the total runtime reduction up to 62% in the case of BDD learning.

Rietveld analysis was also applied to X-ray diffraction data to estimate the phase compositions.
A very low Mg3B2O6 content in the D-SHS product is evident of an almost complete B2O3 reduction.
After the first SHS process of CaWO4 and B2O3 with magnesiothermic reduction under argon, the tungsten boride compounds was separated from Mg and Ca containing by-products by HCl acid leaching.

Hence, the reduction or elimination of circular flow is helpful to the separation effects of a hydrocyclone [8].
Using a 45 mm hydrocyclone and potato starch as powder, this study employed the experimental data under different operating conditions and different blade sizes to discuss the impact on classification efficiency.
And the blade height reduction would narrow the rotating area when sweeping particles, and thus reducing the probability to sweep particles to pipe walls.

The geometrical characteristics of the coil tubes Type d(mm) do(mm) p(mm) Dc=2R(mm) 2R / d Coil 1 smooth 8.32 9.52 50.0 210.0 25 Coil 2 smooth 8.32 9.52 50.0 250.0 30 Coil 3 smooth 8.32 9.52 50.0 290.0 35 Coil 4 Micro-fin 8.42 9.52 50.0 210.0 ~ 25 Coil 5 Micro-fin 8.42 9.52 50.0 210.0 ~ 30 Coil 6 Micro-fin 8.42 9.52 50.0 290.0 ~ 35 Data Reduction The heat transfer performance of nanofluid was defined in terms of the convective heat transfer coefficient that can be expressed as: hnf (exp)=(ρCp AV(Tb,o-Tb,in))/(πdL(Tw-Tb)LMTD) (1) Where (Tw-Tb)LMTD is the logarithmic mean temperature difference in which Tw is the wall temperature that is the average of four measured temperatures on tube wall at different positions.
Moreover, good thermal balance that is due to the heat transfer from hotter part to cooler part of the flow by Brownian motion and micro convection mechanisms causes the reduction of thermal boundary layer thickness and more flattened temperature profile at cross section of the tube.

Introduction Composite materials offer a flexibility in processing, which often leads to a reduction in part count compared to conventional materials.
Hence there is a significant reduction in strength as a result of the stress concentration introduced by any hole or cut-out.
However, Hollmann [8] determined the fracture energy by calibration of data from previous researchers associated with extreme temperature normalised to room temperature.