High Absorptive Normal Weight Aggregates Used as Internal Curing Agents to Reduce Hot Weather Concreting and Curing Detrimental Effects

Abstract:

The objective of this research was to quantify the effect of the mixing temperature, as well as curing conditions, on concrete mechanical and durability properties. Sixteen mixtures were cast and specimens were tested at various ages. The w/c ratio of the mixtures was kept constant, whereas the type of aggregates, casting and curing temperature varied. A concrete batch was designed using low absorptive Normal Weight Aggregates (NWA), whereas a second concrete batch included High Absorptive Normal Weight Aggregates (HANWA), at a saturated surface dried (SSD) condition. The HANWA were intended to deliver internal curing water (IC) to the mixtures in order to improve their performance. The mixtures constituent materials were conditioned at 22, 30, 35 and 40 degrees Celsius prior mixing. Two different types of curing regimes have been applied, aiming to evaluate the effect on specimens exposed to both hot environmental conditions and also day to night temperature fluctuations, as opposed on identical, water cured specimens. It was observed that the HANWA mixtures had improved mechanical and durability properties, a fact that was attributed to IC.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 711)
• Pages: 420-427
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.711.420
• Online since: September 2016
• Authors: A. Pericles Savva*, G. Demetris Nicolaides, F. Michael Petrou
• Keywords: Drying Shrinkage, High Temperature Concreting, Internal Curing

References

[1] H. F. W. Taylor, Cement chemistry, Library (Lond)., (1990).

[2] O. K. Kjellsen and J. Detwiller, Reaction kinetics of portland cement mortars hydrated at different temperatures, Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 22, p.112–120, (1992).

DOI: 10.1016/0008-8846(92)90141-h

[3] A. M. Neville, Properties of Concrete. Pearson Education Limited, (2002).

[4] I. Chu, S. H. Kwon, M. N. Amin, and J. K. Kim, Estimation of temperature effects on autogenous shrinkage of concrete by a new prediction model, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 35, p.171–182, (2012).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.03.005

[5] O. M. Jensen and P. F. Hansen, Water-entrained cement-based materials I . Principle and theoretical background, vol. 31, p.1–13, (2000).

[6] D. P. Bentz, P. Lura, and J. W. Roberts, Mixture proportioning for internal curing, Concr. Int., vol. 27, no. 2, p.35–40, (2005).

[7] A. Bentur, S. I. Igarashi, and K. Kovler, Prevention of autogenous shrinkage in high-strength concrete by internal curing using wet lightweight aggregates, Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 31, p.1587–1591, (2001).

DOI: 10.1016/s0008-8846(01)00608-1

[8] R. Henkensiefken, J. Castro, D. Bentz, T. Nantung, and J. Weiss, Water absorption in internally cured mortar made with water-filled lightweight aggregate, Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 39, no. 10, p.883–892, (2009).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.06.009

[9] P. A. Savva and M. F. Petrou, High-Absorptive Normal-Weight Aggregates used as Internal Curing Agent, in 27th Biennial National Conference of the Concrete Institute of Australia in conjuction with the 69th RILEM week, 2015, p.1305–1313.

[10] P. A. Savva and M. F. Petrou, A new approach for internal curing of high performance concrete to reduce early-age volume variations, in Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting IV, Leipzig, Germany, 2015, p.435–441.

DOI: 10.1201/b18972-61

[11] P. Iqieger, Effect of Mixing and Curing on Concrete Strength.

[12] S. Ahmad and A. Nazir, Investigation on extreme weather concreting, (2004).

[13] S. N. Shoukry, G. W. William, B. Downie, and M. Y. Riad, Effect of moisture and temperature on the mechanical properties of concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 25, no. 2, p.688–696, (2011).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.07.020

[14] I. Benoudjafer, M. Merbouh, B. Labbaci, and A. Hamouine, Contribution to the experimental study of the concrete behavior in its climatic environment, Energy Procedia, vol. 36, p.1320–1327, (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.150

[15] B. Bappa, K. Paul, G. C. Saha, K. K. Saha, and M. H. Rashid, Effect of Casting Temperature on Bond Stress of Reinforced Concrete Structure, vol. 13, no. 2, (2013).

[16] R. G. Burg, The Influence of Casting and Curing Temperature on the Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete, p.18, (1996).

[17] P. D. Bentz and K. A. Snyder, Protected paste volume in concrete Extension to internal curing using saturated lightweight fine aggregates, Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 29, p.1863–1867, (1999).

DOI: 10.1016/s0008-8846(99)00178-7

[18] T. Zhang, P. Gao, R. Luo, Y. Guo, J. Wei, and Q. Yu, Measurement of chemical shrinkage of cement paste: Comparison study of ASTM C 1608 and an improved method, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 48, p.662–669, (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.086

[19] America Concrete Institute, Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete, ACI 211. 1-91, Man. Concr. Pract., no. Reapproved, p.1–38, (2002).

[20] ASTM C 1202, T. Drilled, C. Concrete, and B. Statements, Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete ' s Ability to Resist Chloride, Annu. B. ASTM Stand., no. 95 mm, p.1–6, (2008).

[21] K. a. Riding, J. L. Poole, A. K. Schindler, M. C. G. Juenger, and K. J. Folliard, Simplified concrete resistivity and rapid chloride permeability test method, ACI Mater. J., vol. 105, no. 105, p.390–394, (2008).

DOI: 10.14359/19901

[22] D. P. Bentz, A virtual rapid chloride permeability test, Cem. Concr. Compos., vol. 29, p.723–731, (2007).

[23] M. Wyrzykowski and P. Lura, Controlling the coefficient of thermal expansion of cementitious materials - A new application for superabsorbent polymers, Cem. Concr. Compos., vol. 35, no. 1, p.49–58, (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.08.010

[24] M. T. Hasholt, M. H. S. Jespersen, and O. M. Jensen, Mechanical properties of Concrete with SAP Part II: Modulus of Elasticity, no. August, (2010).