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Online since: September 2008
Authors: Hisayoshi Itoh, Takeshi Ohshima, Gerhard Pensl, Sergey A. Reshanov, Shigeomi Hishiki
Reduction of Interface Traps and Enhancement of Channel Mobility in
n-channel 6H-SiC MOSFETs by Irradiation with Gamma-Rays
S.
In addition, the Hall-effect measurements indicate a reduction of the interface trap density.
A similar increase subsequent to γ-irradiation is observed for µeff determined in MOSFETs with gate oxide formed by dry oxidation (the corresponding data are not plotted in Fig. 3).
They unambiguously demonstrate the reduction of Dit with increasing absorbed γ-dose.
An increase of the absorbed dose from 696 kGy to 3.16 MGy causes a reduction of Dit by a factor of 3 in MOSFETs with pyrogenic oxide.
In addition, the Hall-effect measurements indicate a reduction of the interface trap density.
A similar increase subsequent to γ-irradiation is observed for µeff determined in MOSFETs with gate oxide formed by dry oxidation (the corresponding data are not plotted in Fig. 3).
They unambiguously demonstrate the reduction of Dit with increasing absorbed γ-dose.
An increase of the absorbed dose from 696 kGy to 3.16 MGy causes a reduction of Dit by a factor of 3 in MOSFETs with pyrogenic oxide.
Online since: April 2010
Authors: Anatoly Yakovlevich Fishman, Robert Grigorievich Zakharov, S.A. Petrova, M.A. Ivanov
Iron pollutions were no more
than 0.1% (XPES data).
The data obtained by SEM and the laser analyzer showed that the characteristic powder particles size was about 40-50 nm, and the particles themselves were incorporated in large agglomerates around 200-500 nm in diameter.
Changes of chemical composition of the sample upon grinding the manganese oxide (III) a - Set D; b - Set А+С; c - Set B (selective data) It is shown, during grinding in a closed volume the oxide phases formed (Fig.1a) can stay long enough in a state close to a "dynamic equilibrium".
Changes of crystal lattice parameters of the phases forming upon mechanical treatment of a manganese oxide (III). a - Seria D; b - Seria А+С; c - Seria B (selective data) Apparently, a speed of phase formation for this or that phase can be adjusted both by changing the intensity of grinding (by varying M/m) and by managing the gas atmosphere over the reaction zone.
Evidently, the reduction of MnO proceeded at an advanced pace, and the gas atmosphere generated over the mixture suppressed a reduction of the Mn2O3 oxide.
The data obtained by SEM and the laser analyzer showed that the characteristic powder particles size was about 40-50 nm, and the particles themselves were incorporated in large agglomerates around 200-500 nm in diameter.
Changes of chemical composition of the sample upon grinding the manganese oxide (III) a - Set D; b - Set А+С; c - Set B (selective data) It is shown, during grinding in a closed volume the oxide phases formed (Fig.1a) can stay long enough in a state close to a "dynamic equilibrium".
Changes of crystal lattice parameters of the phases forming upon mechanical treatment of a manganese oxide (III). a - Seria D; b - Seria А+С; c - Seria B (selective data) Apparently, a speed of phase formation for this or that phase can be adjusted both by changing the intensity of grinding (by varying M/m) and by managing the gas atmosphere over the reaction zone.
Evidently, the reduction of MnO proceeded at an advanced pace, and the gas atmosphere generated over the mixture suppressed a reduction of the Mn2O3 oxide.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Cezary Grabowik, Witold Janik, Grzegorz Ćwikła
Acquisition of data for management purposes includes data on the operation of machinery and crew, the circulation of materials and semi-finished products, production orders, productivity, quality, etc.
This leads to the definition of the acquisition method, referred to as semi-automatic data acquisition (otherwise called assisted manual data acquisition).
Solutions responsible for data acquisition should constitute integrated system, combining data sources in the shop floor, middle-layer sub-systems responsible for the pre-processing and reduction of the amount of data, as well as communication interfaces and industrial database responsible for data archiving.
Areas of WWTP Not Included in Current Data Acquisition System.
Proficy Historian is equipped with calculation collector, allowing creation of real-time data pre-processing, reduction and interpretation procedures, thus data presented in visualisation and reporting module, as well as exported to MES or ERP systems, are more suitable for management support – there is no risk of overlooking important information in data flood.
This leads to the definition of the acquisition method, referred to as semi-automatic data acquisition (otherwise called assisted manual data acquisition).
Solutions responsible for data acquisition should constitute integrated system, combining data sources in the shop floor, middle-layer sub-systems responsible for the pre-processing and reduction of the amount of data, as well as communication interfaces and industrial database responsible for data archiving.
Areas of WWTP Not Included in Current Data Acquisition System.
Proficy Historian is equipped with calculation collector, allowing creation of real-time data pre-processing, reduction and interpretation procedures, thus data presented in visualisation and reporting module, as well as exported to MES or ERP systems, are more suitable for management support – there is no risk of overlooking important information in data flood.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Di Ming Lou, Pi Qiang Tan, Si Li Qian, Zhi Yuan Hu
The effect of DOC + CDPF on exhaust reduction is also investigated.
There are so many random factors during the test (such as traffic light etc.) constantly that is difficult to handle, therefore the conditions under the accelerations which are not corresponded with the ones in [-0.1, 0.1] m/s2 would be eliminated in the data processing.
As is showed in Fig. 2, with the reference of the timely velocity showed in displayer and the driver’s experience, the data can be seen almost staying near the testing condition.
THC emission reaches a mean reduction of 68.2%. 1.3 The comprehensive gaseous emission factors in steady conditions The comprehensive gaseous emission factors with and without DOC+CDPF and reduction efficiency in steady conditions are showed in Table 2.
THC emission reaches a mean reduction of 68.2%
There are so many random factors during the test (such as traffic light etc.) constantly that is difficult to handle, therefore the conditions under the accelerations which are not corresponded with the ones in [-0.1, 0.1] m/s2 would be eliminated in the data processing.
As is showed in Fig. 2, with the reference of the timely velocity showed in displayer and the driver’s experience, the data can be seen almost staying near the testing condition.
THC emission reaches a mean reduction of 68.2%. 1.3 The comprehensive gaseous emission factors in steady conditions The comprehensive gaseous emission factors with and without DOC+CDPF and reduction efficiency in steady conditions are showed in Table 2.
THC emission reaches a mean reduction of 68.2%
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Yan Sun, Fu Tian Qu, Zhong Gang Liu
At first, all the data (Fundamental geographic data, DEM, Boreholes’ tables) of the study area were organized in a geodatabase using ESRI® ArcGIS®.
The data format is ESRI® Shapefile and the scale is 1:4 000 000 [6].
The DEM data are in ESRI® ASCII format, in decimal degrees and datum WGS84 (Fig. 2).
In this module, groundwater information and data are processed, like data input, modify, append, and delete etc. 2) Graphic display.
Liu, etc.: Reconstruction of 3D Strata Model Based on Borehole Data.
The data format is ESRI® Shapefile and the scale is 1:4 000 000 [6].
The DEM data are in ESRI® ASCII format, in decimal degrees and datum WGS84 (Fig. 2).
In this module, groundwater information and data are processed, like data input, modify, append, and delete etc. 2) Graphic display.
Liu, etc.: Reconstruction of 3D Strata Model Based on Borehole Data.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Jun Guo Li, Yan Shi, Fan Wang
It was suggested that nitrite was the intermediate product during reduction of nitrate by SSI, and ammonium was the finial product of nitrate and nitrite reduction.
Consequently, the researchers have concentrate on the chemical reduction technology to treat nitrate in wastewater.
Utilizing the thermodynamic data, the E-pH diagram of Fe-N-H2O system could be plotted and shown in Fig. 1 when the initial speciation of nitrogen was nitrate in solution.
Combined the experiment results with the E-pH diagram of Fe-N-H2O system, it could be presumed that nitrite was the intermediate product during reduction of nitrate by zero-valent iron, and that ammonium was the finial product of nitrite reduction.
Lee, Chemical reduction of nitrate by nanosized iron: kinetics and pathways, Water Research, 39(2005) 884-894
Consequently, the researchers have concentrate on the chemical reduction technology to treat nitrate in wastewater.
Utilizing the thermodynamic data, the E-pH diagram of Fe-N-H2O system could be plotted and shown in Fig. 1 when the initial speciation of nitrogen was nitrate in solution.
Combined the experiment results with the E-pH diagram of Fe-N-H2O system, it could be presumed that nitrite was the intermediate product during reduction of nitrate by zero-valent iron, and that ammonium was the finial product of nitrite reduction.
Lee, Chemical reduction of nitrate by nanosized iron: kinetics and pathways, Water Research, 39(2005) 884-894
Online since: February 2019
Authors: A.D. Shlyaptseva, I.A. Petrov, A.P. Ryakhovskii
Initial data for thermodynamic calculations were taken from the sources [15-19].
However, due to insufficient reference data for fluorotitanates, the calculations were carried out using indirect methods [20].
TiO2 + 2NaF + 4/3AlF3 = Na2TiF6 + 2/3Al2O3 (10) 3Na2TiF6 + 3Al = 2Na3AlF6 +3Ti + AlF3 (11) The data obtained show that at temperatures up to 1073 K (800 °C) there is a thermodynamic possibility of titanium reduction in the silumin melt, therefore, titanium dioxide can be used for modifying silumins.
The results of mechanical tests and chemical analysis data are shown in Table 3.
The experimental data show that melt treatment with titanium dioxide together with fluoride salts leads to the partial reduction of titanium and its transfer to the AK12 alloy, which confirms the accuracy of the thermodynamic calculations.
However, due to insufficient reference data for fluorotitanates, the calculations were carried out using indirect methods [20].
TiO2 + 2NaF + 4/3AlF3 = Na2TiF6 + 2/3Al2O3 (10) 3Na2TiF6 + 3Al = 2Na3AlF6 +3Ti + AlF3 (11) The data obtained show that at temperatures up to 1073 K (800 °C) there is a thermodynamic possibility of titanium reduction in the silumin melt, therefore, titanium dioxide can be used for modifying silumins.
The results of mechanical tests and chemical analysis data are shown in Table 3.
The experimental data show that melt treatment with titanium dioxide together with fluoride salts leads to the partial reduction of titanium and its transfer to the AK12 alloy, which confirms the accuracy of the thermodynamic calculations.
Online since: September 2004
Authors: M.F. Harper, M. Thompson
Finally the noise
reduction obtained by treating any desired combination of paths can be predicted.
This resulted in a 3.7dB reduction in radiated noise, as measured by an independent acoustic consultancy [7].
This agrees with the scope for reduction predicted in Table 3.
Its results were used to guide a programme of noise reduction treatments to the WTG.
Hodson of SAIC Limited to the measurements and data analysis that supported the TPA study.
This resulted in a 3.7dB reduction in radiated noise, as measured by an independent acoustic consultancy [7].
This agrees with the scope for reduction predicted in Table 3.
Its results were used to guide a programme of noise reduction treatments to the WTG.
Hodson of SAIC Limited to the measurements and data analysis that supported the TPA study.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Qiu Hong Hu, Ding Qiang Duan
Industrial Structure Adjustment, Technology Innovation and Energy Efficiency Improvement -- An Empirical Analysis Based on the Statistical Data of Hubei Province
Dingqiang DUAN 1, a, Qiuhong HU 2, b
1 Wuhan Textile University, 1 Fangzhi Road, Wuhan, P.
China addq-tma@163.com, bdenise8250@163.com Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Industrial Structure Adjustment, Technology Innovation, energy consumption Abstract: This paper reviewed and analyzed the literature about the improvement mechanism of energy efficiency, examining the relationship among industrial structure adjustment, technology innovation and energy efficiency with Hubei province’s data during 2001~2010, and finding that industrial structure adjustment and technology innovation can promote energy efficiency very significantly.
This paper intends to verify the relationship between industrial structure and energy efficiency with economic statistical data of Hubei Province during 2000-2010, analyzing the performance and mechanism about how to improve energy efficiency by adjusting industrial structure and developing technology, and putting forward the corresponding policy recommendations.
Thirdly, we should make a good use of preferential tax policies to encourage the application of the technology of energy-saving emission reduction, and guide enterprises and residents to comply energy-saving emission reduction policy.
Test on Energy Consumption and GDP in China -- An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data.
China addq-tma@163.com, bdenise8250@163.com Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Industrial Structure Adjustment, Technology Innovation, energy consumption Abstract: This paper reviewed and analyzed the literature about the improvement mechanism of energy efficiency, examining the relationship among industrial structure adjustment, technology innovation and energy efficiency with Hubei province’s data during 2001~2010, and finding that industrial structure adjustment and technology innovation can promote energy efficiency very significantly.
This paper intends to verify the relationship between industrial structure and energy efficiency with economic statistical data of Hubei Province during 2000-2010, analyzing the performance and mechanism about how to improve energy efficiency by adjusting industrial structure and developing technology, and putting forward the corresponding policy recommendations.
Thirdly, we should make a good use of preferential tax policies to encourage the application of the technology of energy-saving emission reduction, and guide enterprises and residents to comply energy-saving emission reduction policy.
Test on Energy Consumption and GDP in China -- An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Wang Bin, Zong Li Zhang, Chao Wang
Simulation experiment data come from KDD Cup 1999 data set, which collects 7 million network connection records, covering a variety of intrusion data types and normal data.
Simulation experiment select data from training data and 10% subdata set of testing data, of which 2000 data strips forming the training set and test set of 3000 data strips, attack types included in training set are less than that of the test set.
Discrete data performs box dividing process according to data characteristics, which divide data into different boxes, taking the median value of the same box data as their value and data in different boxes has no intersection.
Attribute reduction - dimension reduction treatment Data of intrusion detection data set comes from network packet information captured, some feature data of which has great contribution in determining if there is an intrusion behavior, and some has no contribution to determine intrusion behavior.
Attribute reduction is conducted in KDD CUP 99 data set.
Simulation experiment select data from training data and 10% subdata set of testing data, of which 2000 data strips forming the training set and test set of 3000 data strips, attack types included in training set are less than that of the test set.
Discrete data performs box dividing process according to data characteristics, which divide data into different boxes, taking the median value of the same box data as their value and data in different boxes has no intersection.
Attribute reduction - dimension reduction treatment Data of intrusion detection data set comes from network packet information captured, some feature data of which has great contribution in determining if there is an intrusion behavior, and some has no contribution to determine intrusion behavior.
Attribute reduction is conducted in KDD CUP 99 data set.