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Introduction The TiO2 is known as an attractive semiconductor material with antibacterial and hydrophilic properties.Both mechanisms were mainly basedon the TiO2photocatalytic ability, which exhibited good performance when TiO2was illuminated with near UV or sun light.A number of researches have proved that the photocatalyticactivities of TiO2 thin films were strongly influenced by their phase composition.
From the Fig. 1 (b), grain size of the crystalline structures was increased with the increased annealing temperature.
As-deposited 300 °C 500 °C (b) (a) Fig. 1 (a) XRD pattern and (b) FE-SEM micrograph of TiO2 thin films at different annealing temperature Fig. 2 (a) Transmission spectraand (b) refractive index of TiO2 thin films at different annealing temperature Anti-bacterial Properties The anti-bacterial effects of as-deposited and annealed TiO2 film coated on BK7 glass against E. coli wereshown in Fig. 3.The results demonstrated slight changein survival of E. coli cells on the as-deposited TiO2thin films before and after the UV light illumination with the UV illumination of 20 minutes, the number of E. coli cells reduced from 2.4 x 108 to 1.8 x 108cfu/ml as shown in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b), respectively.

Introduction Fragmentation, i.e. breakup into a large number of pieces occurs when a large amount of energy is imparted to a solid within a short time.
Crack formation is captured such that the beams, modeling cohesive forces between grains, can be broken according to a physical breaking rule, which takes into account the stretching and bending of beams , (1) where the two parameters εth and θth controll the relative importance of the two breaking modes.
A large number of simulations were carried out varying the impact velocity v0 in a broad range to cover both the damage and fragmentation phase of the system.

The white layer is a casting layer, and mainly composed of small martensite, a large number of fine residual austenite grains and some carbide.
The molten layer has a higher hardness because of carburization occurrence when a large number of carbon particles generated by kerosene medium penetrate into the molten layer under the action of high discharge temperature.

m(B2O3) = V ´ T(B2O3) (1) where, V is the NaOH standard solution consumption number, mL; T(B2O3) is the titer of NaOH to B2O3, mg/mL.
The borosilicate standard substance is numbered as GBW03132 (National Building Materials Test and Certification Center): B2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, F- and L.O.I is 8.87%, 53.98%, 0.34%, 14.50%, 0.19%, 16.54%, 4.40%, 0.59%, 0.096% and 0.54% and 0.26% , respectively.
Wu, Study of effect of glass of fine-grain BaTiO3 ceramics, Journal of Chinese Ceramic Society. 2001, 29(1): 54-58 (in Chinese)

When alloys are subjected to either tensile or compressive cyclic loading, dislocations will interact with eutectic particles and dendritic cell/grain boundaries as deformation proceeds, leading to dispersion hardening in the material.
(b) (a) 104 105 10 6 10 7 10 8 140 160 180 200 220 240 not broken Peak Stress (σpeak, MPa) Number of Cycles to Failure (Nf, cycle) RT, R=0, 20Hz : A356 (7Si-0Mn) DAS 25µm : A356M (10Si-0.5Mn) DAS 19µm 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 0.01 0.1 1 10 Plastic Strain Range (∆εp, %) Number of Cycles to Failure (Nf, cycle) 250 0 C, strain rate 2x10 -3 /sec : A356 (7Si-0Mn) DAS 25mm : A356M (10Si-0.5Mn) DAS 19mm Fig. 4.

This phenomenon is explained by the fact that there is a segregation streamer in the center of the sample formed during the production of a steel sheet, so an equal number of ferrite and perlite grains are observed in this field.
Microhardness test results Number of the tested part of the studied sample of stratified pipe metal Hardness value, MPa 1 84 2 95.4 3 187 4 160 The maximum value of hardness is observed far from the stratification zone of the sample (Fig. 1, point 3) and on the base metal.

It is sort of regular granular grains.
The image analysis was used for the evaluation of number of graphitic particles, content of graphite and shape of graphite (via shape factor) and the content of ferrite, but it has to be pointed out that the mentioned evaluation relating to basic material was performed for etched samples.
A geometric model was made up for 10% graphitic proportion in the structure, the number of particles was 200 ks/mm2, and the size was chosen within the interval from 30 μm to 60 μm.

In this paper, anatase TiO2 with mesoporous structure is prepared by hydrothermal method, and the mesoporous structure has been found to be aggregated by a large number of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles.
Meanwhile, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) becomes narrower, which reveals that the grain size becomes larger with the increasing annealing temperature.
For the TiO2 sphere annealed at 400 °C, the size of the nanocrystallite is about 3 to 8 nm, the size of the pore is quite small (about 4.1 nm), and the number of the pores is very large.

This material has the microstructure of a circular α phase and β grain.
However, there are no differences on the slope of S-N curve between non-pressed specimen and pressed ones. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 1.E+08 Number of cycles to failure, [cycles] Stress amplitude, [MPa]PLA NP P0.2 P0.5 Fig. 3 S-N curves Hardness distribution after die pressing.
Thus, the effect of work hardening on fatigue strength of this material is very small. 300 350 400 450 500 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Distance from　chamfer edge, [µm] Hardness number HV (0.49N) P0.2 P0.5 Fig. 4 Hardness distribution of the specimen's surface Fig. 5 Stress-strain curve.

The chemical composition measured at areas marked by numbers 1-4 is summarized in Table 2, (d) Ni/2-2 alloy/Ni joints soldered at 230 °C for 20 min, (e) scallops of h[Cu6Sn5] and Ag3Sn phases. 20 µm c 4 µm e The SEM/EDX examination of the cross-sectioned Ni/Ni joint after soldering for 1.5, 3 and 20 min (Fig. 1a, b, c) indicated the presence of particular components of the microstructure.
The results of EDX microanalysis performed at the locations indicated by numbers are listed in Table 2.
The presence of equiaxial dimples (see Fig. 3c) indicates the occurrence of plastic deformation in the microareas of the (Sn) solid solution which surround the grains of intermetallic phases.