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However, some of these properties are not available in the literature as important Al-based systems such as Al-Cu-Si.
The surface tension of ternary Ni-Cu-Fe alloys was derived by Brillo et al. [14] based on the work of Tanaka et al. [15].
Fig. 2C shows the evolution of liquidus temperatures of Al-Cu and Al-Cu-1wt%Si alloys.
A comparison between properties of Al-Cu and Al-Cu-1wt%Si alloys was carried out.
References [1] E.L.

For instance, Musyoka et al. [12], made porous carbon from onion peel by converting it to hydrochar, then pre-carbonization and further activating with KOH in argon atmosphere for supercapacitor application.
Krishnappa et al. [13], pyrolyzed onion peel at 1000°C without activation and tested it on MO and methylene blue (MB).
et al. (2022) Activated biochar derived from pomelo peel waste 163.10 1 g/L; 120 mins; 25°C; pH3; 0.05 L 75.32 Zhang et al. (2019) KOH-activated onion peel biochar 454.54 0.05 g/L; 110 mins; 25°C; pH7; 0.2 L 1725.6 This study.
El-Shazly: Research on Chemical Intermediates. vol. 48 (2022) 4183–4208
El Haimer, A.

Experimental details The structure of the OLED is shown in Fig. 1, where a glass substrate, an ITO anode, a PEDOT:PSS (CleviosAI4083) hole injecting layer (HIL), a NPB hole transporting layer (HTL), anAlq3emitting layer (EL), a LiF electron transporting layer (ETL), and an aluminum cathode are stacked in sequence.
Layer Material Thickness Cathode Al 150 nm Electron transporting layer (ETL) LiF 1 nm Emitting layer (EL) Alq3 20, 40, 60 nm Hole transporting layer (HTL) NPB 120 nm Hole injecting layer (HIL) PEDOT:PSS 0, 30, 40 nm Anode ITO 120 nm Substrate Glass 550 mm Fig. 1 The sketch of the OLED structure.
Eight XRD peaks, (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), (400), (331), and (420), of Al are identified, showing the preferred orientation (111) texture at for all cases.
Fig. 5 shows the residual stress of Al thin films with various Alq3 and PEDOT:PSS thicknesses.
Fig. 5Residual stress of Al thin films with various Alq3 thicknesses.

The chemical composition of AA 6061 (Wt %) Element (Wt %) Si Mg Fe Cu Zn Ti Mn Al 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.15 Balance The titanium used as the cathode in the anodizing process has a chemical composition as given in Table 2.
As it is known that Al, Mg, and Si are the main elements forming AA 6061.
Whereas the Ti element deposited in the anodic layer caused by the stress applied during the anodizing process is able to move the Ti which is the cathode used in the anodizing process to the electrolyte solution during the anodic layer formation process as reported by Setyarini et.al [3].
Abd El-Hameed, Y.
El-Tokhy, Anodic Coating Characteristics of Different Aluminum Alloys for Spacecraft Materials Applications, Mat.

[3] Abou El Ela, A.
El-Din.
[4] Ma, K., et al., Risk and reliability worth assessment of power systems under corrective control. 2009, IEEE. p. 1 - 6
[5] Youbo Liu, Bin Hu, et al.
Wen, Y Wang, et al.

For example, Abd El-Rahman et al. developed oxidative polymerization of p-aminoazobenzene in acetonitrile containing pyridine [11].
Jakowska K. et al. report the results of electropolymerization of p-aminoazobenzene and focus on the polymerization/deposition process [12].
Durgaryan et al. prepared contain mainly imino-1,4-phenylenazo-1,4-phenylene units by chemical oxidative polymerization under the action of iodine [13].
Wang et al. prepared electroactive polymers containing azo-groups in the main chain and side chain, which exhibited electrochemical properties, high dielectric constants, and electrochromic behavior [14-15].
[11] Abd El-Rahman H.

Nai et al.[5] by using titanium diboride (TiB2) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
Tsao et al.[6] studied the influence of reinforcing TiO2 nanoparticles on microstructural development and hardness of eutectic Sn–Ag–Cu solders.
The increasing hardness value were observed also seen in previous study made by Jun Shen et al [8] with addition of nano-size ZrO2 into Sn-Ag solder alloy.
El-Daly et al.[9] reported that the addition of small amount of SiC particles (with an average size of 1 μm) did not significantly affect the melting point of Sn–3.7Ag–0.9Zn alloy.
[9] A.A.El-Daly, A.F., S.F.Mansour , M.J.Younis Novel SiC nanoparticles-containingSn–1.0Ag–0.5Cu solder with good drop impact performance, Materials Science & Engineering A, (2013). 62–71.

Khasawneh et. al. (2020) proposed the Strava data collection platform and combined it with prediction of running performance with machine learning.
Qiu, yungjian et al in their paper [5] explain about fitness monitoring using IoT and big data technology with PSO (Particle Swarms Optimization) algorithm as clustering algorithm.
Xu, gaowei et al in 2019 research about the IoT and Big data technology used for 3D data ETL and visualization algorithm for telemedicine [6].
El Aissaoui, Y.
El Alami El Madani, L.

EL-Wazery1,a, A.
EL-Desouky1,b, O.
Also, Mishina et al [13] studied the fabrication method of another constituent, ZrO2/AISI316L FGMs for use in joint prostheses and their mechanical and biotribological properties were evaluated through fracture toughness, bending strength, and wear resistance studies.
He et al [14] used fi{TTP}-1279 ve-layered alumina–iron FGMs that were fabricated via a simple route of die pressing and pressureless sintering.
Shahrjerdi et al [15] have demonstrated the functionally graded metal-ceramic composite fabricated via pressure-less sintering.

El Wahabi 1,b , C.
Previous works on MAC in an Al alloy [3] and an austenitic stainless steel [4] have indeed shown that fine grains on the micron and submicron scale can be obtained.
The above observations are reminiscent of those reported by Sakai et al. in earlier works on MAC in an Al alloy and an austenitic stainless steel [3,4], in which the development of microshear bands within the original grains was believed to be the precursor to grain fragmentation (cf.
The 7475 Al alloy used in [3], for example, contained numerous dispersoid particles that could provide a pinning effect and reduce the rate of strain gradient relaxation.
This phenomenon appears to be similar to that reported by Sakai et al. in earlier works on MAC [3,4].