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It has excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical properties; and wide pH tolerance which gives an advantage to PSF in many industrial applications [6].
There is also evidence that the nano-sized clay increase the gas diffusion properties of the membrane [9].
The effects of clay loading on the morphology and thermal properties of the MMM were investigated in detail.
Vittoria, "Barrier Properties of Polymer/ Clay Nanocomposite," Polymer Nanocomposites, pp. 273-296, 2006
Banerjee, "Polymer/ montmorillonite Nanocomposite with Improved Thermal Properties Part I: Factors Influencing Thermal Stability and Mechaninsms of Thermal Stabillity Improvement," Thermochimica Acta, pp. 75-96, 2007

The dense microstructure greatly improved the mechanical strength and properties of the coating, which will be elucidated in the latter section.
The results imply that the FGC could improve the mechanical properties of the coatings.
Tensile adhesive strength was one of the important mechanical properties that can affect the ultimate success of the coating, which was greatly influenced with chemical compositions, microstructure and Yong's modulus and Hardness.
On the other hand, defect features such as voids, porosities and inter- and intra-lamellar micro-cracks tended to deteriorate the mechanical properties of the coatings.
After heat treatment, the bonding strength of both FGC and SHA increased, demonstrating that heat-treatment was a useful way to improve the mechanical properties.

Advantages of natural fibers over traditional synthetic reinforcing fibers such as glass and carbon are in terms of low cost, low density, acceptable specific properties, ease of separation, enhanced energy recovery and biodegradability [1-5].
Mechanical Properties.
Mechanical properties of kenaf and fiberglass epoxy laminates were determined through tensile test.
The location of maximum displacement affects the shape of contour, which can be examined from top view.
Increase of load scale factor confers influence to the increment of displacement and stress on the radome.

Visual inspection of the surfaces in combination with sectioning of the deformed disks formed a method for studying how different factors affect a stick-slip criterion in metal forming.
The frictional conditions on the die land influence, among others, the extrusion pressure and the surface properties of the extruded profile.
In the Tresca model, the friction force is proportional to the shear strength of the material k multiplied by a friction factor m.
The top die had an average surface roughness Ra = 0.09 µm and Rz = 0.77 µm found from a mechanical roughness measurement.
Orowan, "The calculation of roll pressure in hot and cold flat rolling," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 150, pp. 140-167, 1943

The research work presented in this paper utilizes fracturing behaviors and failure modes to model the mechanical behaviour of FRP-strengthened RC beams.
The mechanical properties of FRP plates/sheets are relatively simple.
(a) Geometric properties and loading condition for beam specimens; (b) cross-section geometry of the specimens; (c) FE mesh for 4-point bending tests.
Notice that, in Fig.3, the results from different specimens with identical geometric and mechanical properties are averaged and the obtained mean values are considered in evaluating the accuracy of the FRP–FB-beam element.
Properties of the interfacial adhesive layer and concrete are considered to significantly influence the debonding propagation types and crack distribution.

As output factors, the test piece and tool electrode masses decreases were considered.
Guu and Hocheng [3] studied the rotary electrical discharge machining process; as input factors, they considered the pulsed current, pulse on-time, workpiece rotation, while the process output factors were the material removal rate and the surface roughness.
The most significant factor able to affect the value of ΔmTE is the pulse off time tb, for which the absolute value (1.683) of the exponent attached in relation (4) is the highest, in comparison with the absolute values of the other two exponents.
Influence exerted by the mani two factors (on time ti and off time tb) on the tool electrode mass decrease ΔmTE (time t=20 min) [1] G.
Development of cylindrical wire electrical discharge machining process and investigation of surface integrity and mechanical property of EDM surface layers.

The Effects of MQL Pulse Parameters on Cutting Force, Cutting Temperature and Surface Roughness in Turning Process Ali Ozan Demir1,a, Yusuf Furkan Yapan1,b, Alper Uysal1,c 1Yildiz Technical University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Besiktas, 34349, Istanbul, Türkiye aozan.demir1@std.yildiz.edu.tr, byapan@yildiz.edu.tr, cauysal@yildiz.edu.tr Keywords: MQL pulse; lubrication interval; duration of lubrication; cutting force; cutting temperature; surface roughness Abstract.
High local heating at the cutting interface can affect cutting tool wear [2], workpiece dimensions [3], and surface/subsurface properties of the workpiece material [4].
However, it negatively affects environmental integrity, human health, and the economy [5], although the flood cooling strategy increases the efficiency of the chip removal process.
The statistical technique known as ANOVA is frequently employed to examine how input factors affect technology performance metrics such as cutting forces, surface roughness, and cutting temperatures.

It is known, that the properties of the surface layers affect UHSS bendability [2,6], and therefore it is important to understand how shot blasting affects UHSS bendability in three-point bending.
Mechanical Testing.
However, the shot blasting significantly affects the subsurface (0 – 200 mm area) mean hardness, where individual values are 319 – 358 HV with hardness increasing towards the surface.
Therefore, it can be concluded that shot blasting decreased the bendability of UHSS due to two factors: an increase in the surface roughness, which provides more intense initiation points for strain localization and work-hardening of the surface layer leading to decreased forming capacity.

Introduction At present engineering dewatering has been widely used to improve soil physical, mechanical properties.
Water-holding density after pumping could easily be determined based on above equation, which is not affected by test sampling depth, soil samples package and other factors.
Considering saturated density not belongs to soil basic physical and mechanical indexes, thereby it can’t be directly obtained through test, therefore based on initial natural density, specific gravity and water content provided by “engineering geology report”, saturated density can be derived from through series of formulas calculation.
When using process specific field instead of final specific field, the calculation accuracy requirement as well as increased costs and other factors extending pumping time demand should be considered.

Meanwhile it is affected by the size distribution of the fed coal [9].
Fig. 7 Carbon content (Wc.ash) of different granularity in fly ash under variable working condition Fig. 8 Service power rate vs. the load of CFB boiler Above all, we can conclude: 1) the fly ash has different size distribution, and its carbon content is related with many factors, such as the coal property and separator efficiency. 2) the carbon content of fly ash when burning Fujian anthracite is relatively high, so replacing the anthracite by Shenhua bituminous coal is meaningful.
In calculating the boiler efficiency using back balanced method, the heat loss due to exhaust gas, chemical incomplete reaction, mechanical incomplete reaction, the slagging and so on should be deducted [12].
The fly ash carbon content and flue gas temperature are the main factors.
Different coal properties lead to different combustion status and different carbon content in fly ash.