Search results

At present to complete this task, magnetic carriers are used and there is a great number of methods for magnetic carriers to be obtained.
Method of treatment of iron grains dipped into dispersion medium by pulse electric discharge [11, 12] is represented to be an advanced technology for different composite materials to be obtained.
For samples B and D we observed significant decrease in number of cancer cells, which is comparable to the individual action of doxorubicin.
According to the obtained data for sample B with doxorubicin, proliferative activity of cancer cells decreases and the number of survivor cells is close to the control sample.
According to the presented data, significant increase in the number of dead tumor cells was observed, i.e. the type of medicine action has changed from cytostatic to cytolytic.

These results show the following: (1) Regardless of the depth of cut, the roundness was less than 3 μm, and the straightness was less than 2 μm at the second machining number
(2) Regardless of the depth of cut, the surface roughness in the circumferential and axial directions was less than 2 μmRzjis at the second machining number
Furthermore, a proportional relationship was observed between the number of workpieces and amount of wheel wear
(4) When the depth of cut was 2 μm, the grinding wheel wear was large, and the wear rate was 37 μm/workpiece (wear rate = amount of wheel wear / number of workpieces).
Kumagai, Study on the Cylindrical Grinding by the Cup Type Grinding Wheel (1st Report) -On the Cross Hatch Angle and the Grain Depth of Cut-, Journal of the Japan Society Precision Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 2 (1967) pp. 86-94 [2] N.

The changing contact conditions result in a varying number of transmission points of the grinding force, which leads to a different tool load.
If the number of contact points located on the left and right flanks is even, a substantially uniform distribution of force is present.
If the number of contact points is odd, an uneven distribution of forces occurs and can lead to a characteristic profile-form deviation [1].
The number of contact points depends on workpiece normal module mn, number of teeth z, normal pressure angle αn and helix angle β as well as on the geometry and size of the grinding worm.
The hypothesis can be made that more sharp grains are used to machine the same material volume, which potentially results in a more effective cut with less friction and thus less power is consumed during grinding.

Dhkl=0.9 λ βcosθ (1) where Dhkl is the grain diameter, β is the half maximum line width, λ is the wavelength of the radiation used, θ is the angle of diffraction.
The X-density (ρx) for all the prepared specimens has been calculated using the formula [27], ρX=ZMNa3 (2) where Z represents the number of molecules in a unit cell of and in this case Z = 8, M represents the molecular weight of the sample, N is Avogadro number and ‘‘a’’ is the lattice parameter.
Lattice parameter (a), Grain diameter (D), Porosity (%), X-Ray density (dx), Ion hopping length tetrahedral site (LA), Ion hopping length octahedral site (LB) and Bulk density values of the nanoferrites annealed at 1000 °C.
The values of the corecivity (Hc) are also found to decrease with increase in the Cr3+ concentration which can be attributed to an increase in the bulk density which decreases the number of the pores.
Rp=12π6N13 (19) where N is the number of sites per unit site volume = 96/a3.

A method to estimate interfacial energy between eutectic solid phases from the results of eutectic solidification experiments George Kaptay1, 2 1Bay Zoltan Applied Research Public Nonprofit Ltd, 2 Igloi, Miskolc, Hungary, 3519 2University of Miskolc, Egyetemvaros, Miskolc, Hungary 3515 kaptay@hotmail.com, phone: +36 30 4150002 Keywords: eutectic solidification; alloys; grain boundary energy; thermodynamics; Pb-Sn.
Acknowledgements The author acknowledges the financial support from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, under the grant number K101781 and partly by the TAMOP-4.2.1.B-10/2/KONV-2010-0001 project with support by the European Union and the European Social Fund.

However, in comparison to mono-Si, mc-Si wafers contain a higher density of crystalline defects, like dislocations and grain boundaries, and a higher concentration of metallic impurities.
(a) (b) Fig. 3: (a) Total Fe concentration measured by ICP-MS along the height of several mc-Si ingots grown from intentionally Fe-contaminated melt and along one non-contaminated ingot (black diamonds) [6, 9, 44]; (b) number of Fe atoms per precipitate measured by µ-XRF along the 53 and 200 ppmw ingot from [6] (adapted from [15]); each data point represents one precipitate measured.
The number of Fe atoms/precipitate of all detected precipitates is plotted in Fig. 3(b) as a function of ingot height.
(a) As-grown (b) After standard PDG (c) After PDG and firing Fig. 4: µ-XRF maps along a grain boundary in three mc-Si sister wafers from the top of the intentionally 53 ppmw Fe-contaminated ingot showing the presence of FeSi2 precipitates of similar size and density at different steps in the solar cell process; pixel size is 200 x 200 nm (adapted from [15]).
Warta, Spatially resolved modeling of the combined effect of dislocations and grain boundaries on minority carrier lifetime in multicrystalline silicon, J.

In mixtures with low water content, the hydration of the binder will occur not only due to free unbound mixing water, but in the future, as it is consumed, and due to water adsorbed by the filler grains.
This is primarily due to the chemical interaction of monoammonium phosphate with calcium binder and calcium carbonate filler, leading to the formation of screening phase films hydrated neoplasms and filler grains particles of sparingly soluble dicalcium phosphate dihydrate CaHPO4·2H2O (brushite) on the surface [11].
It should also be noted that the formation of these films on the surface of the gypsum binder grains in the initial period of hardening significantly slows down hydration, which is a positive technological factor in the formation of products from mixtures with low water-gypsum ratios.
When sludge and monoammonium phosphate are introduced into the composition of the gypsum molding mixture, the total porosity decreases in the structure of the compacted material and the number of closed pores increases, which positively affects its water resistance.
The studies have shown that the water resistance of the extruded products based on air binders, estimated by the value of the softening coefficient, depends on the type and the number of added additives, the water-solid ratio and the pressure value, and for magnesian cement, also on the concentration of bischofite.

Introduction Light water nuclear reactor designs are reliant on pressure vessels constructed from a number of large, thick-sectioned steel forgings, all of which are considered safety critical components.
Cp=mstandardmsample×DSCsample-DSCbaseDSCStandard-DSCBase×CpStandard (2) Values of Cpeff were also calculated by the thermodynamic computer software using the same chemical composition as the DSC sample and a heating/cooling rate of 20oC/min.A grain size is also required to perform the calculation, based on the experimental work of Pous-Romero et al.[18] this was estimated to be 15 microns.
The microstructural dependency of mechanical properties has been demonstrated in a number of characterisation studies [26,27] and the formation of ferrite, as a result of low cooling rates from austenitisation temperatures, has been attributed to poor impact toughness properties [28,29].
Further investigations that changed the sample chemistry to contain maximum amounts of the ferrite forming chemical elements Si, Cr, Mo and Al showed that the thermodynamic software failed to predict the ferrite formation for this SA508-3 with a grain size of 15 microns · Comparing the simulated cooling curves against production thermocouple data demonstrated that when using Cpeff values calculated by the thermodynamic software it was possible to replicate the data with reasonable agreement, although the latent heat effects during the bainite transformation are overestimated.
Bhadeshia, Austenite grain growth in a nuclear pressure vessel steel, Mater.

Kramer & Rizkallah [4] highlights soil properties such as shape of particles, surface texture, grain shape, grain size, grain size distribution, water content and others also influencing the shear strength of soils.
The number of the hidden layers, usually less than 2.
Both sets of models with different number of datasets but have same splits of training (60%), validation (20%) and testing (20%) datasets are tested.

Bamboo belongs to one of fast growing plants,it has the advantages of straight grain, beautiful color, high strength and toughness, and excellent processing property.
(1) Due to factor number m=3, taking zero level number m0=9, obtained the length of asterisk arm γ=1.682, the upper limit of is =70, the lower limit of is=50, zero level =60.According to =(xjr-xj0)/γ, obtained =6.
Table 1 The number of factors and levels （s/mm） () （%） Upper Asterisk Arm（γ） 70 170 12 Upper Level（1） 66 166 11.6 Zero Level（0） 60 160 11 Lower Level（1） 54 154 10.4 Lower Asterisk Arm（-γ） 50 150 10 6 6 0.6 Table 2 Test result of mechanical properties Test Number MOR[MPa] MOE[MPa] TS[%] IB[MPa] 1 45.97 5171 13.1 1.624 2 49.14 5481 12.6 2.246 3 54.72 5815 11.8 2.942 4 50.2 5603 12.6 2.779 5 54.77 5962 10.8 3.097 6 46.79 5405 12.8 2.027 7 55.17 6171 10.8 3.31 8 47.72 5499 12.8 2.155 9 51.30 5906 12.3 2.849 Variance and Regression Analysis Static Bending Strength (MOR) Table 3 MOR variance analysis Source of Variance Square of Deviance Degrees of Freedom Average of Square of Deviance Value of F Critical Value of F Significance A 3.184 2 1.592 8.040 =19 =99 No B 0.406 2 0.203 1.026 No C 98.275 2 49.138 248.170 Yes Error 0.396 2 0.198 Sum 102.261 8 Regression equation: (2) Modulus of Elastic (MOE) Table 4 MOE variance analysis Source