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Online since: November 2024
Authors: Maria Yulni Imas, I.K. Putra, Anung Syampurwadi, Ni Nyoman Rupiasih, I. Wayan Supardi
This can increase the reduction rate and stability of the nanoparticles.
The sambiloto extract is mixed with a solution of AuCl3, which will cause the reduction of Au3+ ions into Au0 atoms and form stable nanoparticles in the presence of redox enzymes and metabolites.
UV-Vis data of gold nanoparticles at the optimization stage.
TEM characterization data is shown in Fig. 6.
The sambiloto extract is mixed with a solution of AuCl3, which will cause the reduction of Au3+ ions into Au0 atoms and form stable nanoparticles in the presence of redox enzymes and metabolites.
UV-Vis data of gold nanoparticles at the optimization stage.
TEM characterization data is shown in Fig. 6.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Julio Cesar Dutra, Fernando Aparecido Pacheco Da Silva Fortunato, Francisco Augusto Alves Ferreira, Diego Coccumazzo, Elesandro Antonio Baptista, Nivaldo Lemos Coppini
This happens because the driving force for grain growth is the decrease in energy caused by the reduction of the number of grain boundaries per unit volume.
The total surface area of boundaries is decreased as grain size is increased, causing a reduction in the surface energy, i.e., when grains grow, the number of their boundaries is decreased and their total surface area energy decreases.
Their data for the AISI 316 were used in the present investigation to determine the activation energy for grain growth by using Eq. 5.
Results Statistical data taken from Stanley and Perrota [2] were used to calculate the activation energy for grain growth in AISI 316 steels.
The total surface area of boundaries is decreased as grain size is increased, causing a reduction in the surface energy, i.e., when grains grow, the number of their boundaries is decreased and their total surface area energy decreases.
Their data for the AISI 316 were used in the present investigation to determine the activation energy for grain growth by using Eq. 5.
Results Statistical data taken from Stanley and Perrota [2] were used to calculate the activation energy for grain growth in AISI 316 steels.
Online since: September 2005
Authors: Z. Cvijović, Hans Peter Degischer, M. Vratnica, Guillermo C. Requena, G. Rumplmair, Marko Rakin
Because the limits to reduction of these impurities are set of cost, many commercially available 7xxx alloys contain
significant amounts of Fe and Si, which react with Al and alloying elements to form a large number
of IM phases [1,2].
All specimens were taken from the forged 50 mm thick pancake-type plates that have been deformed at 430 o C for 85 % height reduction after homogenization at 465 o C for 9h and 475o C for 16h.
Table 2 Results of image analysis along with fatigue tests data.
The fatigue crack growth rate data are presented in Fig. 4.
All specimens were taken from the forged 50 mm thick pancake-type plates that have been deformed at 430 o C for 85 % height reduction after homogenization at 465 o C for 9h and 475o C for 16h.
Table 2 Results of image analysis along with fatigue tests data.
The fatigue crack growth rate data are presented in Fig. 4.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Li Wei Zhang, De Hu Yu, Shu Juan Yang
In recent years, China is in the critical period of industrialization development, thus the government and the society have come up with more and more strict mandatory requirements to the enterprises such as energy conservation and emission reduction, environmental protection, as the main consumers of energy resources, iron and steel enterprises confronts such a severe situation such as global resources and energy shortage, climate warming, green trade barrier and so on, it is an inevitable choice for them to put environment management into practice, it can not only reflect that the enterprise is making efforts to perform its social responsibility and set up its image of responsible enterprise, and moreover, it is also an inevitable choice and indispensable guarantee work of implementing the national strategy of circular economy, supporting the sound development of iron and steel industry, putting the environment management into effect.
Preparation of composite material Blast furnace slag has an ingredient of compound, thus it can be used as the raw material to synthesize the composite material by means of carbothermic reduction-nitridation, this material can be used as a new generation of refractory material, in some fields such as inversion casting furnace bottom crevice materials, so as to improve the additional value of blast furnace slag.
Based on the relevant data, it shows that the area of silicon deficiency soil is considerably large in China, thus a large number of silicon fertilizer is required, for this reason, it has a promising market prospect.
According to the data record, it is mostly used as the fusing agent for blast furnace process and sintering in US, accounting for more than 56%.
Preparation of composite material Blast furnace slag has an ingredient of compound, thus it can be used as the raw material to synthesize the composite material by means of carbothermic reduction-nitridation, this material can be used as a new generation of refractory material, in some fields such as inversion casting furnace bottom crevice materials, so as to improve the additional value of blast furnace slag.
Based on the relevant data, it shows that the area of silicon deficiency soil is considerably large in China, thus a large number of silicon fertilizer is required, for this reason, it has a promising market prospect.
According to the data record, it is mostly used as the fusing agent for blast furnace process and sintering in US, accounting for more than 56%.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Takuma Shinohara, Kikuo Ikarashi, Ryota Suekuni
Then, although transient strength reduction due to buckling wave reversing occurred, the strength increased under the influence of forming tension field.
The displacements at their maximum strengths and the inclinations of strength reduction correspond between the specimens of the same section.
A jig problem caused the difference in lines of data plots of CY3 but this can be ignored.
In this figure, solid line and broken line respectively indicate data lines obtained from the points when the fifth cycle of each δF and δy was conducted.
The displacements at their maximum strengths and the inclinations of strength reduction correspond between the specimens of the same section.
A jig problem caused the difference in lines of data plots of CY3 but this can be ignored.
In this figure, solid line and broken line respectively indicate data lines obtained from the points when the fifth cycle of each δF and δy was conducted.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Peng Fei Zhu, Xiao Cai Yu, Yue Xia Chen, Jun Wang, Zong Fu An
For all the samples, the reduction in the initial cadmium ions concentration of the cadmium ions began to happen.
It indicates that with the pH values increasing, the potential between conduction band and valence band of nano-Sn0.25Ti0.75O2 has been decreased, the reduction of the photo-electron has been enhanced, the oxidation of the hole hans been decreased, which advancing the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of cadmium[8].
The design matrix and experimental data were listed in Table. 1.
1.5 7.0 98.13 5 1 3 2.0 5.0 80.04 6 10 3 1.0 6.0 97.23 7 10 4 2.0 6.0 97.01 8 20 4 1.0 7.0 98.02 9 1 4 1.5 5.0 88.24 K1 80.80 88.54 89.85 89.81 K2 95.65 91.68 93.04 90.21 K3 98.13 94.38 91.71 94.58 R 17.34 5.84 3.19 4.77 From the mathematical processing of the data
It indicates that with the pH values increasing, the potential between conduction band and valence band of nano-Sn0.25Ti0.75O2 has been decreased, the reduction of the photo-electron has been enhanced, the oxidation of the hole hans been decreased, which advancing the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of cadmium[8].
The design matrix and experimental data were listed in Table. 1.
1.5 7.0 98.13 5 1 3 2.0 5.0 80.04 6 10 3 1.0 6.0 97.23 7 10 4 2.0 6.0 97.01 8 20 4 1.0 7.0 98.02 9 1 4 1.5 5.0 88.24 K1 80.80 88.54 89.85 89.81 K2 95.65 91.68 93.04 90.21 K3 98.13 94.38 91.71 94.58 R 17.34 5.84 3.19 4.77 From the mathematical processing of the data
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Johannes Zimmer, Markus Stommel, Daniel Klein
This model applies the temperature dependent Buckley-Model [15, 16] and is used in this study to predict the time-dependent displacement and thickness reduction.
This is regarded as a reasonable assumption because at the point in time when the temperature locally drops below Tg, the mechanical deformation and therewith the thickness reduction are assumed to be progressed to a great extent.
For the temperature region of interest, this study uses the following linear approximation of the experimental data from [21]: c = (9.9/K∙T - 1.7e3)∙J/(kg∙K).
To prevent an overestimation, the heat flux is corrected by a factor of 0.7 to match the experimental data in [14].
This is regarded as a reasonable assumption because at the point in time when the temperature locally drops below Tg, the mechanical deformation and therewith the thickness reduction are assumed to be progressed to a great extent.
For the temperature region of interest, this study uses the following linear approximation of the experimental data from [21]: c = (9.9/K∙T - 1.7e3)∙J/(kg∙K).
To prevent an overestimation, the heat flux is corrected by a factor of 0.7 to match the experimental data in [14].
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Feng Lu, Ning Li, Xiao Fei Zhang
The present fast measurement software possess the function of being input two kinds of data at the same time to compare with: a data from the CAD data, as the benchmark of comparison; another data from point cloud data, which can be obtained by different methods[1].
The equipment includes two parts: hand-held laser scanner and data processing software.
Fig. 2 Process of physical model digitization Comparison between Point Cloud Data and CAD Model.
But don't use reverse engineering software for data reduction and repairing operation such as hole filling and so on, so as not to change the alignment precision of digital model.
Due to geometrical shape of the tested model and optical shielding effect, the point cloud data of the tested model cannot be expressed completely, such as the holes or internal angle of parts, can cause the lack of point cloud data [3].
The equipment includes two parts: hand-held laser scanner and data processing software.
Fig. 2 Process of physical model digitization Comparison between Point Cloud Data and CAD Model.
But don't use reverse engineering software for data reduction and repairing operation such as hole filling and so on, so as not to change the alignment precision of digital model.
Due to geometrical shape of the tested model and optical shielding effect, the point cloud data of the tested model cannot be expressed completely, such as the holes or internal angle of parts, can cause the lack of point cloud data [3].
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Yong Zhang, Le Chen, Li Li
Prediction Of Natural Gas Demand Gap
By consulting data,we can get the production and consumption status of main products of advanced coal chemical industry in the past years which is shown in Figure1 and Figure2.
By referring to plenty of material, gas production of China in 1995-2012 can be obtained which are used as original data x(0) and GM (1,1) model is used to predict gas production of China in the future.
R-square:The coefficient of multiple determination.This statistic measures how successful the fit is in explaining the variation of the data.A value closer to 1 indicates a better fit.
and then to predict the demand quantity in the future,the data of 2015, 2020 and 2025 is selected,as shown in Table 7.
As there is not plenty of primary data of naphtha and dimethyl ether:data of naphtha is from 2008 to 2012 and dimethyl ether from 2006 to 2012,thus the data of 2020 obtained from grey prediction is inaccurate, so the prediction data of 2020 is obtained from trend extrapolation model rather than from combination forecasting model and the prediction data of 2015 is still obtained from combination forecasting model.Trend extrapolation is matched with linear equation.
By referring to plenty of material, gas production of China in 1995-2012 can be obtained which are used as original data x(0) and GM (1,1) model is used to predict gas production of China in the future.
R-square:The coefficient of multiple determination.This statistic measures how successful the fit is in explaining the variation of the data.A value closer to 1 indicates a better fit.
and then to predict the demand quantity in the future,the data of 2015, 2020 and 2025 is selected,as shown in Table 7.
As there is not plenty of primary data of naphtha and dimethyl ether:data of naphtha is from 2008 to 2012 and dimethyl ether from 2006 to 2012,thus the data of 2020 obtained from grey prediction is inaccurate, so the prediction data of 2020 is obtained from trend extrapolation model rather than from combination forecasting model and the prediction data of 2015 is still obtained from combination forecasting model.Trend extrapolation is matched with linear equation.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Petr Havlásek, Milan Jirásek
Experimental data indicate that the ultimate value of drying shrinkage measured on concrete and
mortar specimens is a nonlinear function of the ambient relative humidity.
The most recent experimental database [7], developed at Northwestern University, contains data from 1809 shrinkage and 1403 creep experiments.
The experimental data obtained from standard shrinkage experiments suggest that the resulting ultimate shrinkage strain measured on identical specimens is a strongly nonlinear function of the ambient relative humidity at which the specimens are drying.
The comparison of 12 normalized relevant data sets with the analytical formula (6) used by the B3 model is shown in Fig. 2a.
A very small reduction of the shrinkage strain is observed for the case of basic creep without cracking, as shown by the thin solid line with diamonds.
The most recent experimental database [7], developed at Northwestern University, contains data from 1809 shrinkage and 1403 creep experiments.
The experimental data obtained from standard shrinkage experiments suggest that the resulting ultimate shrinkage strain measured on identical specimens is a strongly nonlinear function of the ambient relative humidity at which the specimens are drying.
The comparison of 12 normalized relevant data sets with the analytical formula (6) used by the B3 model is shown in Fig. 2a.
A very small reduction of the shrinkage strain is observed for the case of basic creep without cracking, as shown by the thin solid line with diamonds.