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Visualisation Data visualisation is commonly used as a means of gaining insight into the underlying structure and relationship of data.
It commonly involves applying computational techniques to data and facilitates for the exploration of, and interaction with, large data sets.
Data visualisation tools come in many forms depending on the desired application.
Just how the beam is loaded in flight was then a question that, without access to the original design data of the aircraft, could only be tackled by examining the available flight test data.
The necessary material input data for FASTRAN were obtained from [4] and [5].

It is found that these specimens tend to fail around the lower bound of the scatter band for the entire data points.
The stress concentration around the interior inclusion provides such short life data comparing with all the data in the surface-initiated fracture.
A standard method to analyze such a statistical aspect for fatigue data is provided in the above JSMS standard [14].
Since the number of fatigue test data in the axial loading was not so enough to analyze the statistical aspect of the fatigue property, P-S-N curves were analyzed only for the data in the rotating bending and the analytical results were indicated in Fig.4.
All the fatigue data in the rotating bending are appearing inside these P-S-N curves so that overall statistical aspect for the present fatigue data can be well evaluated by this method.

Sayari and Yang [14] have reported that decrease in d-spacing is representing a significant reduction in pore size.
The data obtained from N2 adsorption-desorption of mesoporous materials is shown in Table 2.
From the N2 adsorption-desorption data, it was found that as the synthesis duration increased from 2 to 10 days, pore size and pore volume decreased.
This reduction in wall thickness was suggested due to contraction of bonding atoms due to longer heating time.

The energy consumption and CO2 emission data is established to provide reference for future water resource research and government environmental policies.
Although the data does not show the actual amount of additives added in Kaohsiung plant, part of CO2 emission can be calculated from electricity consumption.
The results from this research can be combined with CO2 emission information of piped water for water conservation and sewage reduction analysis for various buildings[6].
Chang: Life Cycle Assessment on the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emission of Buildings (PhD Thesis, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan 2002) [5] Environmental Protection Administration: Kitchen Waste Recycling Advocacy and Counseling Evaluation (EPA Taiwan 2005) [6] Y.S.

Some of the major advantages of electric propulsion include: - Reduction of fuel consumption by improved power flow control.
Lua is an extension language designed to support general procedural programming with data description facilities [11].
Regarding data acquisition, in order to achieve sufficient resolution of the computed parameters to be used as model outputs, a convenient rotor – input current space–time shift has been adopted.
In order to reduce the amplitude of the machine’s torque ripple a fractional slot number per phase and per pole can be used resulting in the reduction of the space harmonics of the stator magnetomotive force (MMF).

Tab. 1: Data sheet for mild steel DC04 Material: mild steel DC 04 (1.0338/ St14O3) Mechanical Properties  Density r Yield strength Rp0,2 Tensile strength Rm Elongation A80 7,85 kg/dm² 140 - 210 N/mm² 270 - 350 N/mm 38 % Chemical Composition (in weight %)  Element: C Mn P S Max: 0,08 0,4 0,03 0,03 Incremental flanging For the analysis of the technological potential of incremental flanging operations and to set up the general process window the influences of tool path strategies (I), flange length (II) and flange radii (III) are analysed with respect to material failure and flange geometry.
The major aspect therefore was to analyse not only the failures can be prevented but also if the bulge can be minimized by a reduction of the flange length.
In fact an extensive reduction of the bulge height for shorter flanges could be verified for the chosen parameters.
To analyse the limitations for incremental stretch and shrink flanging it is mandatory to gain experimental data with varying length and radii.

The reduction in properties is due to the formation of microstructures different to that of martensite such as bainite, perlite and ferrite.
A QUADTEMP2000 4 Channel Data-logger with a reading rate of 1 Hz was used for recording the temperature during the quenching process.
Note, the reduction in cooling rate in all of the cooling curves observed between 500° and 300°C can be attributed to latent heat release owing to phase transformation.
- Acceptable prediction of microstructures corresponding to different industrial-cooling conditions can be made by the construction of CCT diagrams from dilatometric data.

The wafers were first etched to remove saw-damaged layers at the surfaces and isotropically texturized in an acidic solution, which contained hydrofluoric acid (HF), nitric acid (HNO3), and deionized (DI) water (HF : HNO3 = 1 : 8 by concentration), and the thickness reduction was about 4.2 um after texturization.
From the data in Table 1 we can see that the low-cost U-cells made in the same production line have mean η up to 16.14, only 0.2% lower than that of the reference, and the highest η of the U-cells reaches 16.31%.
As the data show, when the reverse voltage applied increases from 10 V to 12 V, the mean reverse current of the U-cells jumps from 0.3 A to 3.6 A, but the change is smaller for S-cells in the same case.
The results of LID experiments are shown as Figure 4, by 72-hours illumination, the average efficiency reduction of the three groups is below 0.2%, among which, the U-cells present slightly lower degradation in both group 1 and group 3, in group 2, the LID results are the same.

P2F1F X,X,X Ferrite transformation fraction at two stage respectively, transformed pealite and bainite fraction 0, γα γ Temperature rising rate(K/s), a parabolic rate constants γ∆ S,GF Nucleation driving force(J/mol), γ equivalent grain surface area (mm-1) T,R,t time(s),gas constant,temperature(K) BPF H,H,H Microhardness of F, P and B D5.0s X,t,X Static recrystallization fraction, an empirical time constant for 50% recry- stallization, dynamic recrystallization fraction B/PFF G,G,I Αnucleation rate (cm-2s-1), α growth rate (μm/s), growth rate of B or P(μm/s) Pc,, εεε Strain, critical strain, peak strain bs, σσ Yield strength, tensile strength, MPa Constants K1=2.07×1011，K2=6.33×10-15, p=17.2 , q=48.3 Constants u=1.6, v=1.23, w=228, nS=1.15, N=2 γααγγ / C / CC x,x,x Initial C content, equilibrium content in γand α rexQ,k Boltzmamn constant, recrystallization activation energy (KJ/mol) Industrial Rolling Process Industrial rolling data
Here, N is the rotational speed of roller, R (mm) is the roller radius, p is reduction ratio, and h0，h1 (mm) are the thicknesses before and after rolling, respectively.
For industrial rolling data of Plate Mill Plant, the present models are adopted to predict the change of the yield strength and tensile strength with processing parameters, and the calculated results are compared with measured ones, as shown in Fig.4 and Fig.5. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 20 40 60 80 100 γ-grain size, µm Time, s 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 S.R.Fraction Time, s Fig.3 Simulation of γ-grain size and recrystallization fraction during hot plate rolling (a) the change of grain size；(b) the change of recrystallization fraction 800 820 840 860 880 900 200 300 400 500 600 Start temp. of finishing rolling,℃ σb σs 12mm, 3℃ /s Line- Cal.
The decrease of thickness accelerates temperature drop and increases reduction ratio of each pass.

The monitoring software written in Delphi, is capable of recording, simulating and data processing.
During turning operation, the elastic deflection occurred due to acting of the force F through cutting tool on workpiece, causes a reduction in cutting depth at any section on workpiece length.
According to Eq. 1 with reduction of elastic and shear modules and/or the workpiece moment of inertia, the amount of deflection will be increased.
To achieve reliable results, the designed system should consider the data of the 1st and the 3rd zones separately from that of the 2nd zone.