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Studies on the Characteristics and the Effect of Thickness on the Band Gap Energies of Al2O3 Thin Films Prepared by PLD NURHANNA Badar1*, NORLIDA Kamarulzaman1,2, ANNIE MARIA Mahat1,2, NOR FADILAH Chayed1,3 and KELIMAH Elong1,3 1Centre for Nanomaterials Research, Institute of Science, Level 3 Block C, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2School of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia 3School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia nurhanna_1903@yahoo.com Keywords: Al2O3 thin film; pulsed laser deposition; band gap Abstract.
The crystal structure of the thin film was investigated using Grazing Incidence Diffraction (GID) technique via an X-Ray diffractometer (Bruker D8 Advance - Da Vinci design) with Cu Kα radiation.
The XRD patterns were referred to the γ-Al2O3 reference pattern, with ICDD pattern number, 01-079-1558, showing a cubic structure belonging to the space group Fd-3m.
Kasim, Band gap widening and quantum tunnelling effects of Ag/MgO/p-Si MOS structure, Mater.

Preparation and thermoelectric properties of perovskite-type AxCa1-xByMn1-yO3-δ (A;La,Bi,Y,Sr) (B;Ni,Ti,V) thin-films by electrostatic spray deposition method Kenjiro FUJIMOTO a *, Shogo YOSHIDA b, Yuki YAMAGUCHI c and Shigeru ITO d Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science Yamazaki 2641, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan a fujimoto_kenjiro@rs.tus.ac.jp, b j7212697@ed.tus.ac.jp, c y-yamaguchi@rs.tus.ac.jp, d ito@rs.noda.tus.ac.jp Keywords: CaMnO3, Thermoelectric materials, Electrostatic spray deposition method Abstract.
All of the substituted compounds were identified as single-phase with orthorhombic perovskite-type structures.
Co-doped AxCa1-xByMn1-yO3-δ (A; La, Bi, Y, Sr) (B; Ni, Ti, V) thin-films All of the compounds exhibited a single phase with an orthorhombic perovskite-type structure in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the co-doped AxCa1-xByMn1-yO3-δ (A; La, Bi, Y, Sr) (B; Ni, Ti, V) (x, y = 0.02) thin-films.
Among the thin-films examined, 5 ~ 10 % single-doped and 2% co-doped AxCa1-xByMn1-yO3-δ thin-films exhibited a single phase with an orthorhombic perovskite-type structure.

A Preliminary Study on Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Blend Matrices and SiO2/epoxy Nanocomposites Shao-Yun Fu 1,a , Qin-Yan Pan1,b , Chuan-Jun Huang1,c , Guo Yang 1,d , Xin-Hou Liu1,e , Lin Ye2,f and Yiu-Wing Mai2,g 1 Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.
It was reported that interpenetrating network structure would form between epoxy and polyurethane [9].
The restricted chain mobility resulting from the formation of network structure may be the cause of the reduced impact energy.
This result displays that there are no separate phase domains in the epoxy blend, indicating the formation of a homogeneous intercrosslinked network structure [9].

Computational simulation of the molecular structure of some triazoles as inhibitors for the corrosion of metal surface.
Kholikov, Physico-chemical investigation of mechanism of inhibition of steel corrosion by thioglycoluril, Universum: Chemistry and Biology, electronic scientific journal, (2018). № 3(45).
Corrosion inhibitors—Correlation between electronic structure and efficiency.
Correlation between the molecular structure and the corrosion inhibiting effect of some pyrophthalone compounds.
Computational simulation of the molecular structure and properties of heterocyclic organic compounds with possible corrosion inhibition properties.

The conductivities of CPs can be altered by modifying the electronic structures through doping or de-doping processes [9, 10].
A fibrous, homogenous morphology with an open structure was found for the imprinted PANI-OA due the presence of the template.
The hydrogen bonds between the polymer and template were weakened and destroyed by the acetic acid while DMSO facilitates the solubility of the target so the spatial structure of template was broken down in ABS.
Shin, Semiconducting Nanostructures and Nanocomposites for the Recognition of Toxic Chemicals (A Review), Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 29(3)(2013)837-860
Díaz-García, Molecularly imprinted polymers and optical sensing applications, Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. 30(4) (2000) 291-309

Meanwhile, the agricultural knowledge related to a lot of science, such as biology, chemistry, pathology, etc.., which increased the difficulty of processing the farming knowledge [1].
In this phase, all operations are used to obtain the structure.
To solve non-uniformity between the semantic and structure, the method is using “ontology” which is used more and more widely recently.
Express the process of expert knowledge in farm field with a behavior mode that a series of Input/Output controlling the structure.
To get better visualization of structure, the mapping need to maintain the original information, furthermore, only the table in the data table can be expressed in the visual structure. it is not easy to obtain a good data sheet, because in visual structure, sometimes it is hard to find the association between the data.

Influence of chemical structure on the two-photon absorption was discussed.
In order to meet the requirements of these practical applications, research for obtaining the structure-property relation has been pushed forward [10-15].
Carbazole is isoelectronic to diphenylamine, but it has a planar structure and it can be imagined as the bonded diphenylamine.
Influence of chemical structure on the two-photon absorption was discussed.
Wang, Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 867(2008), 53

The final structure is a nanofibrous film – each nanofiber contains a percolating network of inorganic nanowires.
However, the final structure developed by the above process is continuous and thereby severely affecting the specific surface area of the films.
While such structures are advantages for applications in certain areas such as optical signal amplification, they are not beneficial when a charge transport is expected through the inorganic structures.
The nanowires of SrTiO3 were of diameter ~100 nm and have a cubic perovskite (Pmm) crystal structure.
A single atomic sheet of graphene can absorb pa = 2.3% of incident white light, where a is the fine structure constant.

Therefore, the improvement and development of fibrous materials, textile structures and finishing processes can bring new perspectives for saving lives.
The trend is being small teams of well trained and equipped combat troops reinforced by innovative weaponry and communication structures [2].
Thermal insulation depends on two characteristics present in textile materials: the thermal conductivity of the fibres and the quantity of air imprisoned in the textile structure.
The synergy of different areas of knowledge, such as textile, electronics, chemistry and materials engineering is primordial to find new clothing solutions for protecting soldiers’ lives.
Mojumdar, Influence of the material structure on the thermal conductivity of the clothing textiles, J Therm Anal Calorim 119 (2015) 865–869

Afterwards, the more elevated structures that are more exposed to the etching reagent are thus dissolved enlarging the surface structures which can account for the increasing diameter in Fig. 6(a).
The pyramid structure grows due to mutual impingement of regions growing from separate nuclei [13].
After some time, the preferential etching proceeds along the line of reagent concentration which bisects the structure into smaller structures.
Optimization of textured structure on crystalline silicon wafer for heterojunction solar cell.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 133, (2012), 63–68