Search results

It is that the amount of COO groups calculated from the IR and SEM-EDX data increases from 1.463 to 5.307 mmol g-1 with increasing oxidation time from 6 to 48 h.
These results also support the data obtained from FT-IR spectroscopy.
The amount of nitrogen adsorbed on the treated material decreases with increasing concentration of AP which reveals the reduction in the pore volume after the treatment.
The large reduction in the surface area and specific pore volume of the CKT-3 after AP treatment could be attributed to a partial collapse of the whole mesoscopic structure as powder XRD pattern of all the materials shows only a (100) reflection without any higher order peaks.

Some studies indicate significant reductions in surface temperatures could be achieved by spray cooling at low system pressures.
Relevant data shown in Tab. 1 indicate the disproportion between the enhancement of heat flux and heat transfer area.
Heat transfer enhancement on different structured surfaces (data from Wang et al.[4]) Structured surface Fin height (mm) Area enhancement (%) Heat flux enhancement at different volume fluxes (%) 0.044 (m3/m2s) 0.049 (m3/m2s) 0.053 (m3/m2s) Surface 1 0.1 38 39.0 39.5 41.0 Surface 2 0.2 76 53.0 67.0 72.0 Surface 3 0.4 152 31.6 22.0 18.0 In the study of Bostanci et al. [5], the enhancement of heat transfer was attributed to a stronger contribution of phase change mechanisms besides the increase in surface area.
But the scale of cooling capacity enhancement is always smaller than the growth of flow rate resulting in the reduction of spray cooling efficiency.

By means of the collected data, analytical models and two nomograms able to calculate the expected superficial residual stress value, once defined the experimental parameters, were defined.
The main advantage of the first strategy consists of the reduction in the computational time required to perform a simulation.
The use of two different solvers, as here proposed, can furnish a strong reduction of this computational time.
Outeiro for its support in providing the experimental data reported in this work.

A further reduction to the desired temperature of 760°C not only increases the stress unacceptably higher, but the material no longer strain hardens, as evidenced by the negative slope of the curve.
NKK released data for incorporation into Mil Handbook 5 specifying the same mechanical properties as Ti-6Al-4V.
In fact NKK data shows that it is superior to Ti-6Al4V up to about 400°C, the usual upper limit for Ti-6Al-4V. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 True strain True stress MPa 760C 815C 900C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 True strain True stress MPa 700C 760C Ti-64 at 900C Figure 1 Ti-6Al-4V alloy at 3x10 -4 strain rate Target Figure 2 SP700 at 3x10 -4 strain rate Figure 3 Micrograph of SP700 surface (with indenter) Figure 4 SP700 Microhardness One desirable attribute of SP700 is the resistance to alpha case formation at 760°C.
Initial trials on production part dies, figure 14, have shown that the new material can be substituted for regular Ti-6Al-4V with no change in the forming parameters except for the reduction in temperature setting of the press.

This paper discusses (i) the Nigerian Oilpalm resource in view of the currently projected one million-hectare plantation establishment between 2003 and 2007, (ii) available National milling facility and (iii) additional milling capacity requirement of the indigenously produced Digester Screw Press (DSP) oil palm fruit processing technology with a view to projecting its potential impact on poverty reduction, wealth creation and employment generation.
Operation data of DSP and other locally available palm oil extraction tools [3] DSP Digester + Hydraulic press Wet digester Digester + curb press Traditional pounding Efficiency (%) 85 70-90 75 65 50 Capacity (tonnes/hour ) 1.5 0.25 0.3 0.2 0.15 Daily FFB used (tonnes) 12 2 2.4 1.6 1.2 Labor (manday) 2 5 4 6 8 Over a period of 15 years the invention of this rugged machine has revolutionized the Nigerian smallscale oilpalm fruit processing industry.
Operation data of the DSP and other locally available palm oil extraction tools are shown in table 4 above.
Chan-Kang: Road Development, Economic Growth, and Poverty Reduction in China Research Report 138 International Food Policy Research Institute Washington, DC (2005).

This type of defect tends to develop in thermal reduction and eletro-reduction environments, both of which exist in SPS [12].
Table 1 E, H and G of sintered HA pellets MS NR-L NR-H NS E [GPa] * 107 ± 2 114 ± 3 123 ± 5 130 ± 5 H [GPa] * 5.9 ± 0.2 6.8 ± 0.3 6.3 ± 0.5 7.2 ± 0.6 G [nm] 411.3 362.9 774.2 N.A. * Data presented as the mean ± the S.D. with sample size n = 20.
The presence of CaO phase was confirmed by XRD (data not shown).

Framework Convention on Climate Change held in Kyoto in 1997, the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) stated in 1999 that new building construction projects should aim at a 30 % reduction in life cycle carbon dioxide (LCCO2) emissions and a three-fold increase in building service life [3].
Along with such fabrication data, their positional information and product inspection data are registered in the database.
The grade degradation of structural members is Ri5(S5) (JIS K 5600-8), but these reductions of thickness of reusable members obtained are not occurred.

The old version included a penalty on stress amounting to a reduction of the test data by 3 times standard deviation and introducing an overall safety factor of 1.5 on stress into the analysis.
Clause 5.5.5.3 states “b) Weld Quality – If a defect exists at the toe of a weld that can be characterized as a crack like flaw, i.e. undercut, and this defect exceeds the value permitted by [the NDT rules in] Part 7, then a reduction in fatigue life shall [be] calculated” by a method described in equation 5.76.
Fig. 8 shows some of the data which was collected in this exercise and the wide range of results with the admittedly poor quality test joints showing much lower fatigue curves than design codes.

The strength anisotropy Kaσ as a function of the longitudinal drawing ratio Km Data comparison of Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 as well as equations 2 and 4 shows that technological anisotropy is 1.8 times higher than the strength anisotropy throughout the study range of the longitudinal drawing ratios.
In this area, the temperature is the highest, the melt viscosity is minimal, which impacts the longitudinal drawing and proportional reduction of thickness.
It is believed that for large values of longitudinal stretching Km ˃7, and hence at high velocity of the film at the first section of height hT longitudinal uniaxial deformation occurs, which leads to a reduction of film thickness and has little influence on the anisotropy of its properties.
Taking into account the data of Table 2, the magnitude of the anisotropy of the deformation of the films in the tapered part of the sleeve was calculated at various multiplicities of the longitudinal drawing (Fig. 7).

This an atomic layer of carbon in hexagonal honeycomb lattice arrangement [5] can be used in high-speed electronics, data storage, supercapacitors, solar cells, and electrochemical sensing [6], [7].
Other than that, there are epitaxial growth of graphene [13], reduction of graphene oxide [14], and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
The data then was translated to the graph for every 1 cm gap from the furnace inlet (0.3 m from the tube inlet) till the flow is fully developed (0.38 m from the tube inlet).
Diankov, “simultaneous nitrogen doping and reduction of graphene oxide,” no. 13, pp. 15939–15944, 2009