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Zuraida c , Department of Manufacturing & Materials Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, PO BOX 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia a natasha_n11@hotmail.com, b sopyan@iiu.edu.my , c zuraidaa@iiu.edu.my Keywords: Manganese doping, hydroxyapatite, sol-gel, FTIR, XRD Abstract: Manganese is one of metallic elements which appear in biological apatite like bone and teeth.
Albrecht: Manganese in Apatites, Chemilcal, Ligand-Field and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 28 (1993), p. 2428 [6] S.
Ferreira: Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Potassium Substituted Hydroxyapatites and Hydroxyapatite/β-tricalciumphosphates Mixtures, Ceramics International, Vol. 33 (2007), p. 1489 [7] H.K.
Hyoun: Synthesis and Dissolution Behavior of βTCP and HA/β-TCP Composite Powders, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 2 (2003), p. 1039 [8] W.
Jason: Synthesis and Characterization Of Single Phase Silicon-Substituted α-tricalcium Phosphate, Journal of Biomaterials Vol. 27 (2006), p. 2916

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.42 (2006), p.9 (in Chinese) [7] M.
International Journal of Machine Tool and Manufacture.
International Journal of Machine Tool and Manufacture.
Engineering Failure Analysis, Vol.10 (2003), p.251 [14] M.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.48 (2012), p.50 (in Chinese)

Fernandes 3,a 1 Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal 2 Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal 3 Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal a scachinho@cv.ua.pt; brcorreia@cv.ua.pt; chelena@cv.ua.pt Keywords: bioglasses, in vitro tests, carbonate buffer, apatite layer.
Santos, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 330 (2003), p. 81-89 [2] E.
Song, International Journal for Applied Science 9 (2003), p. 1-7 [6] K.
Fernandes, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 24 (2004), p. 3693-3701 [15] R.
Hench, Journal of Materials Science 38 (2003), p. 4697-4707 [21] J.

Lukuttsova, Water films (nanofilms) in cement concrete deformations, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 15 (2015) 35120-35124
Kleymenicheva, The use of additives based on industrial wastes for concrete, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 11 (2016) 7566-7570
Ustinov, Concrete modified by additive based on biosilicated nanotubes, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 19 (2015) 40457-40460
Ustinov, Additive based on biosiliphycated nanotubes, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 19 (2015) 40451-40453
Tugicova, Environmentally safe schungite-based nano-dispersion additive to concrete, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 22 (2014) 15801

Numerical results and discussions A ceramic/metal FGMP with a surface crack is considered and its thermomechanical properties vary along the thickness direction.
Fig. 2 Transient temperature distribution for a ceramic/metal FGMP The transient temperature distribution corresponding to the normalized time is shown in Fig. 2.
Paulino: International Journal of Fracture 107(2001), p. 73-98 [2] and Acta Mechanica Vol. 195(2008), p. 157-166 [3] L.C.Guo, N.Noda and L.Z.Wu: Composites Science and Technology.
Paulino: Journal of Applied Mechanics-Transactions of the ASME Vol. 72(2005), p. 351-364 [7] K.C.
Kim: Engineering Fracture Mechanics Vol. 75(2008), p. 2542-2565

Introduction Thin annular plates have many applications in various modern engineering problems, they are found in closures of pressure vessels, pump diaphragms, clutches, turbine disks, cutting saws, magnetic and optical disk drives.
There have been increasingly many modern engineering applications of FGMs, such as space shuttle, rocking-motor casings, packaging materials in microelectronic industry, and so on.
First, it is to be noted that the convergence criteria should not be restricted to the non-linear frequency, but must also involve the non-linear bending stress, in order to obtain reliable results with respect to engineering purposes.
[3] J.N.Reddy, Zhen-Qiang Cheng, Frequency correspondence between membranes and functionally graded spherical shallow shells of polygonal plan form, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 44 (2002) 967–985
Liew, Semi-analytical solution for nonlinear vibration of laminated FGM plates with geometric imperfections, International Journal of Solids and Structures 41 (2004) 2235–2257

Effect of Milling Parameters on Surface Roughness for High-speed Milling of Pre-sintering Zirconia Junwei Liu1,a, Xiaojun Yang2,b 1,2Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China aljwxuan@gmail.com, byangxj@hitsz.edu.cn Keywords: High-speed milling, Roughness, Milling parameters, Sensitivity, Stability domain Abstract.
Introduction Zirconia ceramic (ZrO2), which has been called ‘ceramic steel’, has attracted considerable interest in research of restorative dental materials for its excellent properties.
International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 46.9 (2006) 1013-1026
Machining of Semi-sintered Zirconia and Its Full-sintering for Final Shape. 2nd International Conference on Machining of Advanced Materials (MAM), Aachen, Germany, Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 1996, pp. 427-434
Journal of the European Ceramic Society 17.14 (1997) 1665-1673

Liu: Institution of Engineering and Technology, Vol.524(2006) pp.2347-2350 [9] W.
Yao: Key Engineering Materials, Vol.304-305(2006), pp.71-75 [10] F.Q.
Sunada: International Journal of Electronic and Machine, Vol.9(2004), pp15-20 [16] Y.
Tetsuhiro: Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering Vol.68(2002), pp1481-1485 [22] C.Y.
Yao: International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, Vol.29(2007), pp.155-158

Surface Roughness Optimization in Machining of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) J.NITHYANANDAM1,a*, SUSHIL LALDAS2,b, K.PALANIKUMAR3,c, 1 Research Scholar, Dept of Mechanical & Production Engineering, Sathyabama University. 2Dept of Mechanical Engineering Jeppiaar Engg.
College. 3 Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology.
Titanium is one of the important kinds of material used in different engineering fields.
International Journal Advanced.
International Journal Advanced.

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, Kunming, China, Dec 6-9, (2004)
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, (1983)
Journal of Acoustic Society of Japan(1985)
Journal of Audio Engineering Society(1999)
Journal of Sound and Vibration(1998)