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The as received billets were compressed axially by 33% reduction, at a compressing speed of 0.2 mm/sec at room temperature.
The billet temperature was increased to about 44 oC when 33% reduction was reached.
We also carried out point analyses in order to obtain quantitative data of the solute concentration for certain areas in both dendritic and spheroidal grains.
Compared with the EPMA mapping method, the etching with Weck’s reagent cannot provide quantitative data about the solute concentration.

The load versus crosshead displacement data were obtained using a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT).
Results and Discussion The load versus displacement data were obtained for samples under three-point bending conditions at room temperature.
The strength reduction factor "SRF" was also calculated for various samples and it is shown in Table 1.
Strength reduction factor for different types of holes at different positions.

In addition, calibration of the accelerated test results with different natural weathering data of in-service structures is needed to establish safe service life of a structure [2].
The applied load and bar elongation were recorded during the test using a data acquisition system monitored by a computer.
After 6 and 12 months of exposure, the reduction in the tensile strength was 17 and 23%, respectively.
This reduction in the tensile strength was less than that obtained in tap water at 50oC, TW50.

The color change indicates that there has been a reduction process to gold nanoparticles.
The data is following the JCPDS reference No. 01-089-3697.
The same XRD data has also been reported by Khalil et al. [17] and Ganesan and Prabu [18].
The increase in absorbance with increasing time indicates that the reduction of Au atoms is increasing.

Colorimetric data of the specimen, CIE L* a* b* color system, were measured using a HunterLab UltraScan Pro Color (USA).
The immiscible blend of the PP and PLA caused a reduction in the tenacity [23].
The immiscibility between PP and PLA led to a reduction in the % elongation of the PP/PLA blend [24].
Table 3 The colorimetric data based on CIE L* a* b* color scale of fiber dyeing for the PP, PLA, and their PP/PLA blend.

Clay brick properties are taken from technical data sheet.
Unreinforced wall The unreinforced wall showed a brittle behaviour, a slightly nonlinear initial branch is followed by a sudden load drop, an almost continuous reduction of stiffness has been recorded during the test.
The displacement due to rigid rotation, Δrot, has been calculated according to the data recorded by vertical LVDTs and according to the equation: Δrot = H · ArcTan {(LVDTL-LVDTM)/d} (1) where d represents the distance between the LVDTs L and M.
The progressive stiffness reduction of the unreinforced masonry wall demonstrated the progressive damage of the joints.

There are many benefits to use composites, including reductions of weight, flatness for stealth requirements, and increased resistance to corrosion.
The pioneering work of Gleiter [6] showed that further grain size reduction down to the nanometer range (<100 nm) may lead to exceptional properties (e.g. ultra-high strength) achievable by a wide range of materials with nanocrystalline structures such as metals and ceramics.
Comparison of the ballistic impact test between our finite-element results, Jaime Fronta et al's[11] finite-element results and experimental data.
A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures.

Conventional repairs involving complete replacement can be time-consuming and expensive, and the reduction of service loads with existing cracks is questionable, so quick, simple and economical crack retardation methods seem to be the best option and the most used.
The reduction of crack tip stress concentrations can be achieved by the stop-drilling technique.The stop-drilling technique or SD is an emergency procedure fairly popular in the aeronautical industry.
Hence, it is important to the aeronautical industry and scientific knowledge to develop some experimental data related to SD fatigue life on thin plates of Aluminium.
Numerical results were compared to experimental data values.

The purpose of the work is the reduction in the level of non-metallic inclusions, d - ferrite and concentration nitrogen, having a negative effect on the mechanical properties of steel grade 08H14N5M2DL.
The following data on nitrogen solubility were obtained: for ferrochrome [N]equ = 0.396 %; for steel VNL-3 [N]equ = 0.161 % in air at temperature 1 600 °С.
The duration of saturation of the VNL-3 melt from a concentration of 0.040 to 0.060% calculated from these data is: t = 0.168·104 second either 28 minutes.
The experiments have shown that when ensuring and observing the following conditions, the level of non-metallic inclusions, the content d - ferrite and nitrogen as part of the resulting steel: · Structural and technological rigidity of the furnace frame and the introduction of an inductor; use of high-quality materials; · charge preparation and reduction of its premelting time, complex deoxidation of steels with the use of master alloy FS30RZMZ0; · introduction of a device for thermostating samples of hot magnetic induction; · float control of nitrogen and aging mode of parts after hardening.

The reduction of component thickness is limited due to the insufficient strength [1-3].
The addition of Mg can meet the strength improvement and further weight reduction, simultaneously.
Table 2 summarizes the data of X-ray diffraction angles of Si (220) and (311), peak separation of 220-311, twin probability and average twin of all the measured samples.
Data obtained from the unmodified sample is also shown in the table for comparison.