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Introduction With the continuous improvement of diesel engine power, the working conditions of cylinder liner become appalling, it not only withstand the mechanical load, but also bear the heat load.
And in the working process of the internal combustion engine, the thermal deformation effect on performance of cylinder liner is larger than the mechanical deformation effect. [1, 2] Therefore, the thermal load is an important factor which must be considered in the design of cylinder liner.
The stress and deformation of the cylinder liner not only depends on the the temperature field of the cylinder, but also affected by the gas pressure inside the cylinder and the piston skirt lateral force.
Also calculated the cylinder temperature field, temperature and mechanical coupling effect of stress and deformation of cylinder liner have been calculated at the same time.
Table 4: Deformation, stress data of different material Working conditions Material Max equivalent stress/MPa Max equivalent strain/mm Temperature field Effect Aluminum alloy 108.3 0.0015 Cast iron 135.7 0.0008 Temperature and mechanical effect Aluminum alloy 221.7 0.0031 Cast iron 245.9 0.0014 Deformation of Cylinder liner is mainly thermal deformation, the deformation caused by mechanical force accounted for only a small part of the overall deformation. under the same condition, cylinder liner deformation of aluminum alloy is larger than cast iron, cylinder liner deformation of cast iron is only 70% of aluminum alloy.

Spallation target material will affect the choice of the coolant of reactor and heat removing system.
Structural steel candidates Structural steels consist of, mainly, Fe, Cr and Ni with other minor elements to strengthen mechanical properties at high temperatures.
Mechanical strength of oxide layer was studied experimentally.
In JAEA thermal flow test device JLBL-3, a mechanical pump was used.
Here is a simulation how electric potential is affected.

Material properties are given in Table 1.
Material properties of glass/epoxy patch, ASTM A537 steel and adhesive Material Elasticity modulus (GPa) Shear modulus (GPa) Poisson’s ratio Material Elasticity modulus (GPa) Poisson’s ratio Glass/epoxy[7] E11 27.82 G12 2.56 υ 12 0.31 ASTM A537 Steel[11] E 192 υ 0.3 E22 5.83 G13 2.56 υ 13 0.31 E33 5.83 G23 2.24 υ 23 0.41 Adhesive FM-73[7] E 1.83 υ 0.33 Performing linear elastic solution for the repaired pipes with an existed pre-crack the stresses and displacements at the crack-front are obtained.
Therefore, it may be concluded that the major factors affecting the value of Ze/tp are the pipe sizes.
Then, the obtained stress intensity factors at this point in the UCG modeling can be used for fatigue crack growth life estimation instead of performing NUCG analyses or real 3D crack-front modeling.
[4] American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, ASME B31.8, New York, New York, 2003

Introduction As an excellent surface-modified layer, TiC has been widely used for coatings of cutting tools and anti-wear parts, exhibiting its high hardness and excellent wear properties [1].
However, the differences in both property and structure between the soft substrate and hard TiC layer often lead to the highly residual stress at their interface, which possibly rises up the risk of cracking or spallation with the increase of thickness [4].
Compared with other surface modification methods, the advantage of this technique is that a gradient diffusion layer can be obtained with enough thickness and good adherence between modified layer and substrate [5,6], which significantly improves the surface properties of materials.
As one of the most important factors affecting the diffusion process according to Arrhenius formula [19], the higher the temperature was, the greater the diffusion coefficient became.
Musil, Structure and mechanical properties of DC magnetron sputtered TiC/Cu films, Vacuum. 81 (2006) 531-538

The thermal and hydraulic properties of DPHE with different diamond-shaped fin configurations are investigated using CFD analysis.
A heat exchanger's effectiveness depends on several factors such as flow arrangement, surface area, and heat transfer coefficient.
Table 2 lists the thermo-physical properties of copper and water.
Data Reduction To calculate the properties of heat transfer and fluid flow in DPHE, the relevant expressions are given below.
Fig. 21 shows fin height and fin base length affect the overall heat transfer coefficient.

The forming, the comprehensive properties and its wear mechanism of the coatings were also studied.
The hardness of V/Nb carbides and their shape affect the continuity of matrix.
The hardness of carbide particle is the most important factor among them.
Different amount of V/Nb had different effects on the properties of coatings
Microstructure and properties of arc sprayed coatings containing Fe-based amorphous phase, Trans.

In this analysis, compound stress concentration factors, also known as stress severity factors (SSF), are computed for the structural detail in question.
Each durability test is a fatigue spectrum loading test that simulates the mechanical loading aspects of the operational environment.
The reference control point analyses were then re-run with the truncated spectra and a range of scale factors in order to determine the level of ‘compensation’ required to return each spectrum to its pre-truncation severity.
This includes everything from the characterization of fatigue related mechanical properties for affected materials, to the generation of fine grid finite element models for the definition of control point stress distributions, to the development of control point stress spectra based on one or more finite element component stresses from the vehicle level FEM of the test article.
To date, there has been no use of ‘test correlation factors’ which are sometimes required to achieve agreement between analysis and test.

The characteristics of the raw materials and the composites, as well as the desired properties of the rPVC composites such as tensile properties, resistance towards water absorption, thermal stability, hardness and morphological properties was evaluated.
Theoretically, the rough surfaces of filler particles provide more surface area for better interfacial adhesion between the filler and the polymer matrix, resulting in improved mechanical properties and load transfer within the composite material [32].
Higher shear is needed to melt and mix LeHigh particles in rPVC whih suggest that rPVC/LeHigh composites could have better mechanical properties as compared to rPVC/ALUM composites.
Water absorption of the rPVC composites The water absorption percentage through swelling test of the composites has been evaluated to determine the resistance of the composite system to resist water absorption which is crucial for good mechanical properties, dimensional stability, electrical properties and chemical resistance of the composite.
There are several factors that could affect the water absorption of a composite which includes the presence of voids and pores, humidity level, temperature, filler loading ratio and the melt viscosity of the matrix.

It was particular interest to develop titanium alloys produced from non-toxic elements and that present a good balance of the properties of Ti-Ta alloys [2,3].
Dental implants are primarily anchored in bone by means of mechanical interlocking.
Other important observation was that the removal torque of the implant, for the same treatment (TXA) was affected by the material of implant.
Early break down of the fibrin clot affects proliferation phases [7].
Akahori, Changes in Mechanical Properties of Ti Alloys in Relation to Alloying Additions of Ta and Hf, 14th Int.

Designing the Partially Porous Journal Bearings of an Aerostatic Spindle Te-Yen HUANG1,a*, Song-Chiang SHEN2,b, Shao-Yu HSU3,c 1Department of Mechanical Engr, Lunghwa University of Sci. and Tech., Taoyuan, Taiwan 2Department of Mechanical Engr, National Taiwan University of Sci. and Tech., Taipei, Taiwan 3Mechanical and Systems Research Lab., Industrial Technology Research Inst., Hsinchu, Taiwan atyhuang2@mail.lhu.edu.tw, bg4a2r4y3@gmail.com, cShaoyuHsu@itri.org.tw Keywords: Air gap, Gap pressure, Load capacity, Porous aerostatic journal bearing, Porous insert.
(2) All physical properties were assumed independent of the temperature.
(3) The properties of the porous material were assumed isotropic and the porosity was a constant
This model was used to analyze how the size of the porous insert affected the gap pressure.
To consider production and assemblage factors, the counter holes were generated on the bearing in the modified design.