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The nanomaterials exposed unique and interesting properties which usually contributed by two major factors which are finite grain size effects and interface effects.
The addition of Dy3+ NPs inside the glass matrix creates more number of non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) which lead to the decreasing value of the band gap [13].

Tvergaard et al. [5] reported edge cracks in plastically deforming surface grains.
The effect of stress concentration can generally increase both the size and the number of edge cracks during rolling.

The weakest magnetic component Sn(3) (Fig. 1), which is not observed in the spectra at higher temperatures, can be assigned to Sn4+ cations stabilized in any of the magnetic impurity phases, which was not detected in the X-ray diffraction pattern, or located at the surface of manganite grains.
Assuming that the magnetic moments of the Mn4+ and Cu2+ ions are collinear [4] for the manganite under consideration, we can express its reduced overall magnetization s(Т) through the reduced magnetizations and of the corresponding sublattices: , (2) where and are the numbers of the manganese and copper atoms per formula unit.

Thus, how to develop effective electrochemical solution and addictive for electrochemical polish method in the semiconductor process of deep submicron becomes a great challenge[4-5] of universal planarization technology, thus there have been a number of research concerning this topic.
The wafers surfaces were rubbed down gradually with SiC sandpaper, polished with alumina powder of grain sizes of 1.0μm, 0.3μm, and 0.05μm.

Introduction Since amorphous alloys in Fe-metalloid system were found to exhibit good soft magnetic properties in 1974 [1-3], a large number of studies on the development of soft magnetic amorphous alloys have been carried out for the subsequent twenty years.
On the other hand, as a newly developed rapid sintering technique, the spark plasma sintering (SPS) has a great potential for achieving fast densification results with nearly no crystallization for amorphous materials or minimal grain growth for crystalline materials in a short sintering time [8].

The attenuation degree of analytically pure Fe- based sample increase very slowly with the number of cycles increase compared with Cu- based samples.
a）fresh Fe- based carrier b）reacted Fe- based carrier after 10 cycles c）fresh Cu- based carrier d）reacted Cu- based carrier after 10 cycles Fig. 2 Scanning electron microscope image of prepared carrier particles As shown in fig. 2, the pore structure of prepared Fe- based oxygen carrier get larger after 10 cycles, and the loose structure and big holes can be easily observed on the outer surface, grain diameter are generally within 5um, the sample surface becomes loose and the gas-solid reaction area has increase, which may be induced by interaction of thermal shock and chemical reaction.

Table 2 The influence of aging time on relative crystallinity Column number Synthetic conditions Aging time[h] Crystallization temperature[℃] Crystallization time/[h] Relative crystallinity[%] 1 0 180 48 57.76 2 0 180 60 58.02 3 5 180 48 56.02 4 12 180 48 55.84 5 24 180 48 55.42 6 48 180 48 53.42 The influence of crystallization temperature on the Synthesis processCrystallization is divided into 2 periods: one is formation of the crystal nucleus, the other is crystal growth.
Grain size of ZSM-5 effect on C4 olefin catalytic cracking prepared propylene[J].

This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the number of the sputtered ZnO molecules at the target surface increases due to the enhancement of bombardment by argon ions as the RF power increased [15].
The crystallite sizes were estimated using the Scherer’s formula which is given by [17]: (Scherrer formula) (1) where D is the crystal size or mean grain size, l is the X-ray wavelength, q is the Diffraction angle, and B is the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM).

Experimental procedure The single crystal superalloy bars used in this investigation were cast in the [001] orientation by a spiral grain selector under high temperature gradient and at a controlled withdrawal rate following melting pure master alloy in a vacuum induction melting furnace.
A number of slip systems such as hexahedral slip systems in addition to octahedral slip systems described before have been actived during deformation of DD16 alloys.

In the number, fine tailings accounted for 10~15%, including iron oxide in 2~3%.
Change these fine tailings in particle size and compare products, with thicker grain; And thick tailings comparison, and fine.