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When compared to other manufacturing processes, components made by bulk metal forming exhibit advantageous mechanical properties, such as increased fatigue strength [2].
Figure 1 (right) shows a forging die, that is primarily subject to mechanical loads.
An abrupt change in geometry of almost 90° can be seen on the base of the engraving, which creates a high notch effect and promotes mechanical fatigue cracking.
A., Sun, Y., and Chunping, C., "Deformation and wear in a h21 (3cr2w8v) steel die during hot forging: simulation, mechanical properties, and microstructural evolution," Journal of Materials Research and Technology 15, 268-277 (nov 2021)
[10] Zwierzchowski, M., "Factors affecting the wear resistance of forging tools," Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, 1567-1576 (sep 2017)

Vibration Control of HSM of Thin-wall titanium alloy Components Based on Finite Element Simulation Zhao Kang, Su Honghua, He Linjiang, Liu Yingzhi College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China E-mail: shh@nuaa.edu.cn Keywords: vibration; high-speed machining; finite element model; workpiece-fixture system Abstract.
Moreover, vibration occurrence is strongly affected by the dynamic response of the whole system, particularly the stiffness of workpiece-fixture system.
As the thin-wall titanium alloy component is flexible enough that the dynamic response of the workpiece–fixture system is the major factor that greatly gives rise to vibration occurrence. 2.1.
Therefore, in the stage of the finishing machining operation, the model is mainly affected by the dynamics of workpiece–fixture system [3].
The material characteristics of the parts are defined as isotropic continuum and the material properties of TA15 and steel used in current study are listed in Table. 1.

There are many researches about the automotive seating fabrics from different points of view, such as the influences of composite technology on the seating fabrics’ properties [6-8].
Bond strength is a unique indicator for the composite automotive seating fabrics, reflecting the bond properties of each interface.
So, if wanted to get excellent composite effect, manufacturing enterprises need to consider the reality and control a variety of factors.
Bond strength as the most indicator of automotive seating fabrics’ quality, not only changes the automotive seating fabrics weight, thickness and other specifications which were different from the monolayer fabrics, but also improves the fabrics’ mechanical properties, compression performance, durability, etc. [14].
The properties and test methods of car decorative materials.

Among them, surface dependent factors including concentration, distribution, size, charge or shape of the antibacterial agent by itself, the porosity and surface roughness of the coating’s matrix, or the overall micro/nanostructure of the coating, are known to highly influence release kinetics [7].
In this regard, plasma deposition techniques, such as plasma vapor deposition (PVD), incontestably improved surface properties without affecting the bulk properties, as well as tuned the concentration and coating composition.
Svorcik, Silver release and antimicrobial properties of PMMA films doped with silver ions, nano-particles and complexes, Mater.
Mantovani, Long-term stability of hydrogenated DLC coatings: Effects of aging on the structural, chemical and mechanical properties, Diam.
Turón, A. del Campo, Nanostructured medical sutures with antibacterial properties, Biomaterials. 52 (2015) 291–300

Some important physical properties of different vegetable oils are presented in Table 1 [12].
Table 1: Table properties of different vegetable oils.
These machining/cutting parameters depend upon the workpiece material's properties and physical properties.
Gaitonde et al. concluded that the larger the built-up edge, the rougher the surface produced, and factors that tend to reduce chip-tool friction [38].
Analysis of 22 vegetable oils’ physio-chemical properties and fatty acid composition on a statistical basis, and correlation with the degree of unsaturation.

Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) has been increasingly used in military application.
The tribological properties of nickel-nickel micro components were researched in a special designed microtribometer [2].There are also many LIGA-processed friction test conducted in commercial pin-on-disk type tribometer [3,4].
The material properties of the Ni specimen are listed in Table 1, where the combined elastic modulus is obtained by E= ((1-v12)/E1+ (1-v22)/E2)-1.
Table 1 Material properties for the Ni samples.
Ling: Processing-microstructure-resulting Materials Properties of LIGA Ni.

As AFM tip approach speed is one of the key factors for AFM industrial on-line detection application, a sectional fast tip approach method composed of rough approach and mild approach processes is introduced here.
There are two main aspects affect AFM detection speed: the one is the tip approach time, which is taken for tip approaching 5~10mm far away from sample surface to the imaging position, and it will take one to several minutes based on the initial tip-sample distance and sample surface roughness.
Although they are all functional in AFM rough approach, when concerned with mechanical structures, costs or environmental impacts, they can not be added to existing AFM systems easily.
The modulation characteristic depends on the fiber geometry and properties (acceptance angle, core diameter, etc.), radial distribution function of light intensity and configuration of fibers within a bundle[[] R.

Economic, efficient and energy-saving preparation techniques become the key factors for the large-scale applications of REBa2Cu3O7-δ superconducting coated conductors.
However, the Ni-based alloy substrates at these high temperatures could not keep the mechanical strength well.
In this paper, the rapid preparation of YBCO / SBO / NiO/NiW coated conductors is developed by CSD methods and the properties are investigated.
The very shallow convex walls often form at grain boundaries of nickel base tape and they will not affect the orientation growth of the film if they are very shallow.

The most significant factors which affect microbial growth, are represented by physical condition, mainly moisture, temperature, and light, as well as by the chemical character of the construction.
This compounds together with the presence of colored pigments and mechanical pressure exerted by growing structures induce damages such as physical (abrasion, mechanical stress); chemical (solubilisation, new-reaction products); aesthetical (colored patches or patinas and crusts) effects.
All these microscopic organisms must be identified and quantified using laboratory methods as a microscopic character, genetic information and biochemical properties of culture technique [1].

The Correlation and Spectrum Research on Cylindrical Surface Lapping Machined with Abrasive Jet Finishing Restricted by Grinding Wheel F.Liu 1,a , Y.D.Gong 1,b ,Y.Q.Shan2,c and G.Q.Cai1,d 1School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Northeastern University, 110004 China; 2School of Material Engineering & Metallurgy, Northeastern University, 110004 China; amjjjjm@163.com, bgongyd@mail.neu.edu.cn, cshanyq@smm.neu.edu.cn, dmnb1979@163.com Keywords: Abrasive jet finishing (AJF), Auto correlation function (ACF), Cross correlation function (CCF) , Power spectral density (PSD), Surface morphology Abstract.
The reliability of mechanical components, especially for high-strength applications, is often critically dependent upon the quality of surface produced by machining.
This type of surface damage provides a source of localized stress concentrations, which can be expected to have an adverse effect on in-service strength and fatigue properties.
Fig.3 3D-model for the ground surface texture Fig.4 3D-model for the AJF surface texture The machined process is a kind of compound precision finishing process that combined with grinding and abrasive jet finishing (AJF), in which finished surface was affected by lots of machining process.
Consequently, the AJF surface both comprise of periodicity component of grinding process and includes random element of uncertain factors.