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The building and operating of pipeline will change the temperature field of soil around it, which can lead to changes of frozen soil mechanic properties, and this will induces deformation or even fracture of pipeline.
These phenomena will affect the normal transportation of oil.
Frozen soil is so sensitive to temperature, and the temperature variation can results in significant changes of physical and mechanical properties of frozen soil.
The only considered factors are heat transfer of soil skeleton and medium water, and the ice-water phase change.

In addition to the practical importance, the structure of ferromagnetic materials with a very high level of magnetomechanical damping can be considered as a very interesting object for the investigation since the properties of these materials appear to be very sensitive to the variety of external factors, including heat treatment and the preparation procedure.
Experimental Results and Discussion The properties of the high damping Fe - Cr and Fe - Al alloys are very sensitive to the variations in the heat treatment regime.
The similar modifications of the damping properties with the heat treatment were observed for all investigated Fe - Cr and Fe - Al alloys (see also [4, 6, 8, 9]).
It is accompanied by the serious changes in the fine crystalline structure of the alloys affecting their damping capacity.
Cochardt, in: Magnetic Properties of Metals and Alloys (ASTM, 1959), p. 251

Based on the mechanical model of double angle connection, the pitch and the beam element length-to-angle thickness (L/t) ratio of the outstanding leg were selected as two importance parameters to consider the effect of the connection rotational stiffness.
A finite element model was developed and validated by comparison with the test results of Wei in order to consider the factors that could not be observed during the previous tests.
The model was based on the measured dimensions and material properties of the test specimens.
The validated FE models discussed above is adopted and the same material properties obtained from the test program were used in the analyses.
Fig.4a shows that the tensile stress distributions in the web underneath the clip angles are not significantly affected by an increase in the connection rotational stiffness.

We propose Monte Carlo simulations of NbC precipitation in α-iron, based on a simple atomic description of the main parameters which control the kinetic pathway : - realistic diffusion properties, with a rapid diffusion of C atoms by interstitial jumps and a slower diffusion of Fe and Nb atoms by vacancy jumps - a simple model of grain boundaries which reproduces the equilibrium segregation properties of Nb and C - a point defect source which drives the vacancy concentration towards its equilibrium value.
Introduction The precipitation of carbides plays an important part in many steels since the mechanical properties depend on the precipitate microstructure and the carbon interstitial concentration.
This modifies the diffusion along the GB but does not alter the equilibrium properties of the system, e.g., the solubility limits or the segregation energies.
It is very difficult to reach the experimental acceleration factor (typically 5 10≈ [8]) because if the jump frequencies in the GB are too high it becomes impossible to follow both the bulk and the GB diffusion events.
Since the precipitation of NbC in the bulk is not affected (fig. 3-4) one gets NbC precipitates at the GB two times larger than in the bulk with the acceleration and two times smaller without it.

Reflection of natural shapes, properties, and mechanisms into the investigation on the structural feasibility proves that they are efficient [4].
There are two most important factors that affect the behaviour of shell structures that are shape and thickness [21].
Methodology The standard geometric properties of human skulls of both male and female were referred from the literature [29].
Material properties and boundary conditions.
The material properties were assumed as suggested in the literature [31] for the mesh convergence of the shell structure are given in Table 2.

Spray distance Oxidation rate constant 650 mm k650=0.878×10-14 cm2·s-1 950 mm k950=1.157×10-14 cm2·s-1 1100 mm k1100=1.177×10-14 cm2·s-1 1250 mm k1250=1.471×10-14 cm2·s-1 1400 mm k1400=1.479×10-14 cm2·s-1 The factors that usually affect the parabolic oxidation rate constant of the alloy matrix include oxidation temperature, oxygen partial pressure, diffusion coefficient and alloy composition [15].
As the temperature increases, the oxidation rate constant will increase significantly, and this is mainly achieved by affecting the diffusion coefficient of the metal or alloy.
Since the 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings prepared under different spray distances in this paper have the same high temperature oxidation temperature (including diffusion coefficient) and the same alloy composition of the bonding layer, the only factor affecting the oxidation rate constant of the coating is the partial pressure of oxygen.
(2) The porosity of the coating is the main reason that affects the oxidation resistance of the feather-columnar 7YSZ.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of yttria stabilized zirconia coatings prepared by plasma spray physical vapor deposition, Ceramics International, 41(2015) 830-8311

One of the ways to solve this problem at the present stage of development of concrete is the use of special admixtures or binders [9-11, 19-20] or fiber reinforcement, improving the mechanical and physical and technical properties of concrete - durability, strength, and operational properties [6, 12-14].
Durability Properties of High Performance Foamed Concrete.
A Comparative study on the influence of metakaolin and kaolin additives on properties and ctructure of of alkali-activated slag cement and concrete.
Research into structure formation and properties of the fiber­reinforced aerated concrete obtained by the non­autoclaved hardening.
The effect of different fiber reinforcement on the thermal and mechanical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete.

As one of the most promising candidates of the Pb-free solder alloy, Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu ternary system has been studied in mechanical properties and interfacial reactions between solders and Cu substrates[8-9].
By making comparisons with their results, measured results of contact angle are sensitive to the environmental factors and are affected by number of factors such as atmosphere, roughness and heterogeneity of the surface, temperature of the fluid as well as the substrate, quantity or volume of fluid spreading, etc[2].

The effect of deposition time of the first stage on the morphology, crystal structure, non-diamond phase and adhesive properties of diamond films was investigated.
Introduction The exceptional properties and useful applications of diamond films have aroused a great deal of interest in the synthesis of microcrystalline diamond (MCD) films by a variety of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) techniques with carbon containing gas mixtures such as CH4/H2.
Because of these factors, the diamond films on copper substrates in these cases are impractical.
Generally, it has been realized that the mechanical and tribological properties of CVD diamond films depend on their microstructure, such as grain size, grain boundary strength, the presence of non-diamond phases and the coating-substrate adhesion[9].In order to improve the deposition of the diamond films, in this paper, Ni was used as interlayer.
The adhesive properties of diamond film were influenced by the deposition time of the first stage.

Thus, the specimen adopted in these tests is actually a macroscale material, and the obtained interface strength can only represent the mechanical property of macro-material instead of the nano-materials.
In practice, the three-dimensional geometrical sizes of components and structures in micro-systems are all on nanoscale, where the size effect and surface effect strongly make the mechanical properties of nano-materials to be significantly different from macro-materials [7, 16].
The Young's modulus of the SiN layer which affects the stress distribution along the Cu/Si interface is measured by an indentation test.
Guess, Comparison of butt tensile strength data with interface corner stress intensity factor prediction, Int.
Nix, Mechanical properties of thin films, Metall.