Search results

Figure 1 Synthesis reaction and structure of reactive-disperse dye The purified dye was characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with ethyl acetate as a mobile phase, melting point measurement and elemental analysis (EA).
So, an apparent increase of color yield was attained at higher pH. 60 80 90 Figure 5 Effect of pH on PLA dyeing with 0.5%owf dye at 110°C for 30 minutes Figure 4 Effect of dyeing temperature and dye concentration on cotton dyeing employed 40 g/l Na2SO4 and 20 g/l Na2CO3 At elevated temperature, the structure of PLA fiber was loosened and this facilitated the dye diffusion into the fiber.
Fibre Chemistry, 41, 2009 [7] J.

Galiotis, Carbon nanotubes-polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties, Progress in Polymer Science. 35 (2009) 357-401
Pambaguian, High CNT content composites with CNT Buckypaper and epoxy resin matrix: Impregnation behaviour composite production and characterization, Composite Structures. 92 (2010) 1291–1298
Tan, Structure modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes buckypaper using polyvinyl alcohol: Fabrication and characterization, Chemca 2012: Quality of life through chemical engineering. 23-26 September 2012, Wellington, New Zealand

Ivanov1,b, Erik Janzén1,c, Tomoaki Hatayama2,d, Hiroshi Yano2,e, and Takashi Fuyuki2,f 1 Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden 2 Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 89165 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan aanne.henry@liu.se, bivani@ifm.liu.se, cerija@ifm.liu.se, d hatayama@ms.naist.jp, ehyano@ms.naist.jp, ffuyuki@ms.naist.jp Keywords: 8H-SiC, photoluminescence, excitonic band gap, ionization energies Abstract. 8H-SiC epilayers grown on small 8H-SiC Lely platelets are investigated optically using photoluminescence spectroscopy.
+4 +4 - 4 - 4 Fig.1: High resolution transmission electron microscopy image of the substrate showing the 8H structure.
High resolution transmission electron microscopy observed from the <11-20> direction revealed the <+4,-4> zigzag structure of the material as illustrated in Fig.1.

Morphology of the calcined powders by SEM micrograph revealed that S1 is in spherical shape, S2 is in cubic structure and S3 showed a mixture of spherical and rod-like structure.
The chemical reaction based on sol-gel chemistry take place at the beginning and lead to the formation of clusters.
Studies conducted by Byrappa et al. stated that formation of cubic structure can also be related to the fragmentation of spherical particle into small cubes upon calcination [6].
SEM analysis showed S1 powder is in spherical shape, S2 in cubic shape and S3 consist of a mixture between spherical and rod-like structure.

Drying shrinkage in mortar produces cracks and micro-cracks which affect the durability of a structure.
It is a preferred and widely used bonding material for concrete structures due to its weathertight property.
Drying shrinkage is an important property of mortar that could potentially affect the safety and possibility of failure of structures.
Since the mortar is type S, it is generally used as load – bearing in interior and exterior structures, above or below grade.
Banfill, The use of admixtures in high alumina cement mortar for the marine environment. 9th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement, IV (1992), 719-725

High resolution XRD analysis showed that the films deposited on glass, ITO, p-Si, and p-GaN were attributed to hexagonal crystallite structures while the films deposited on sapphire and PET substrates exhibited amorphous phases.
Introduction Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been very much important among the various metal oxides (tin oxide (SnO2) and indium tin oxide (ITO)) for its employment in the field of chemistry, physics, and material science [1, 2], owing to the direct and wide band gap energy, varying from 3.18 to 3.85 eV, large exciton binding energy (60 meV), satisfactory charge carrier transport, and high crystalline quality of ZnO [3].
It has hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with oxygen atoms located on hexagonal sites and zinc atoms occupied the tetrahedral sites [5].
ZnO thin films on glass, ITO, p-Si, p-GaN showed other diffraction peaks [30] as well, such as (100), (101), (102), (110), and (103), which might correlate to the granular structure of the films.
The absence of ZnO peaks on PET and sapphire substrates was probably due to the amorphous structure of ZnO thin film.

CIS hybridized with 150 µl TiO2 precursor (CIS-TO 150) has particle sizes 2.15 nm with tetragonal chalcopyrite crystal structure and bandgap energy 2.72 eV.
Due to the quantum confinement effect, the electrical structure and optical properties of QDs differ dramatically from those of the bulk.
All of these CIS/TiO2 with thermodynamically stable tetragonal chalcopyrite/tetragonal anatase structures can be seen.
Xie, “The conversion of CuInS 2 /ZnS core/shell structure from type I to quasi-type II and the shell thickness-dependent solar cell performance,” J.
Booth, “Synthesis and Characterisation of CuInS 2 Quantum Dots Determining the Concentration of CuInS 2 Quantum Dots from the Size-Dependent Molar Extinction Coefficient, Chemistry of Materials,” J.

The crack of concrete destroys the continuity of the concrete structure, and has impact on the appearance and impermeability of the concrete, offering passage for permeation and migration to corroding media into concrete structure and accelerating the deterioration of cement concrete leading to lowering the durability of concrete.
Therefore, enhancement of volume stability and reduction of shrinkage cracking is quite important for the function and durability of concrete structure.
Chinese Academician Wu Zhongwei pointed out: "development of crack (in concrete) is the main influencing factor of durability for the concrete structure, addition of proper amount of expanding agent is beneficial to reduction of internal cracking at early age[1]".
As for LB MgO expanding agent, due to its lower temperature of calcination in comparison with that of HB MgO expanding agent, has a loose structure and more rapid rate of hydration, leading to more expansion.
Proceedings of 7th international congress on the chemistry of cement.

A Ph-Sensitive Poly(2-(Acryloyloxy) Propanoic Acid) Hydrogel and its Drug Release Behaviors Kuilin Deng, Chunyuan Huang, Xiaobo Ren, Yubo Gou, Haibin Zhong, Pengfei Zhang and Chunyan Jiang College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China E-mail: dkl369@hbu.edu.cn Keywords: hydrogel; pH-sensitive; poly(2-(acryloyloxy) propanoic acid); drug release Abstract.
The structure of prepared monomer 2-(acryloyloxy) propanoic acid) (APA) has been characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR measurements.

However, cellulose (generic chemical formula (C6H10O5) is the carbohydrate that makes up the main structure of plants.
Energy Information Administration, DOE/EIA-0384(2006) [2] Tadeusz Urbanski: Chemistry and Technology of Explosives (Pergamon Press, Oxford, Vol 1, 1965), p. 20–21 [3] N.