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The structure was optimized by Hiratani et al. using heat-transfer analysis to effectively utilize heat from the Ti heater and Al electrodes [6].
We form a Ti heater and Al electrodes using conventional photolithography and wet-etching processes.
First, a 300-nm-thick Ti or Al thin film is deposited on the waveguide by vacuum evaporation.
After development, a Ti or Al thin film are patterned by wet etching.
Fig. 4(b) presents a microscope image of the formed Ti heater and Al electrodes.

Ming Kong, University Lisbon, Portugal İlhan Asiltürk, Selcuk University, Turkey Serhat İkizoğlu, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Technical Committee Yusri Yusof, Department of Manufacturing and Industry Engineering, Faculty Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia Hassan El-Hofy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Mehmet Karakose, Firat University, Turkey İlhan Asiltürk, Selcuk University, Turkey Balhassn S.
Ghani, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia Che Hassan Bin Che Haron, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia Muhammad Fahad, IMD, NEDUET, Karachi, Pakistan Hasan Al Dabbas, Philadelphia University, Jordan Supakorn Pukird, Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand Mehmet Savsar, Kuwait University, Kuwait

El diseño y modelamiento de materiales.
Dyna, Vol. 75, nº 156, pp. 251-269 [2] WADEL, G.; AVELLANEDA, J.; CUCHI, A. (2010) La sostenibilidad en la arquitectura industrializada: cerrando el ciclo de los materiales.
H., et al. (1987) Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future.
Disponible en Acceso el: 25 Enero 2012, 14:36:33 [7] GATANI, M. (2010) Reciclado Post Industrial de Cáscara de Maní.
Situación de los cultivos al 19 de agosto de 2011 en la provincia de Córdoba.

According to Nakamura et al. [8] and Gao et al. [9], the addition of saccharin results in the formation of fine crystals that have a preferred orientation with a (111) plane parallel to the surface.
El-Sherik, U.S.
El-Sherik and U.
El-Sherik and K.T.

Concerning the die casting alloys, Kim et al. identified different windows, based on rotation speed and welding speed, to obtain the optimal welding conditions and to avoid the typical defects which are caused by excessive heat input, insufficient heat input or abnormal stirring [7].
The combination of the two proposed materials is very challenging, and a similar situation was studied by Eskandari et al., which studied the joining of an aluminium wrought workpiece with an aluminium cast workpiece.
Al Cr Cu Fe Mg Mn Si Others AA 6xxx 97.50 0.35 0.10 0.35 1.40 / / Balance AlSi10Mg 87.90 / 0.05 0.55 0.60 0.45 10 Balance It was decided to produce 4 samples for each test having dimensions 40 x 38 x 5 mm in order to place them in the four cavities as reported in Fig. 1.
El Hassanin, C.
Squillace, Microstructural aspects in Al–Cu dissimilar joining by FSW, Int.

Kanamori et al. [6] proposed activated carbon/ethanol adsorption heat pump with a disk-module type adsorber for refrigeration applications.
The convective term is assumed negligible compared to other terms in Eq.(1), as in Al Mers et al. [8].
Al Mers and A.
Al Mers, A.
El Kalkha: Appl.

Liu et al (2014) and Zhang et al (2015) reported about the pyrolysis of food waste that implied food wastes have high energy and considerable ash content [21, 22].
The result in this study is in agreement with the preceding research finding from Singh et el (2015) [35].
According to Singh et el (2015), the calorific values will increase as pyrolysis temperature.
El Naggar, H.
El Sayed, and F.

El-Sayed, A.C.M.
Majda, A.L.

An ohmic contact was formed by thermal deposition of Al to the p-type region and by thermal deposition of Cr and Al layers to the substrate.
Deposition of Al to such surface creates, along with ohmic contact to the p+-layer, also Schottky contact of Al to n-layer via pits, reaching the n-layer.
Electron-probe microanalysis data for content of Al at various points of mesa-structure prior to (a) and after (b) removal of Al.
n+ p+ n wafer epilayer Cr Al Carbon SiC D a b Fig.4.
Sun, Temperature dependence of epitaxial graphene formation on SiC (0001), J.of El.

Combinations of nanofillers and polymer matrix potentially stimulate the mechanical properties of nanocomposite as reported by Khalid et al. [3] and El Achaby and Qaiss [4].
As reported by Ahmad et al [6], mechanical properties of nanocomposite improved as EB radiation was exposed to the nanocomposite.
Al Khatib: Radiat Phys Chem Vol. 79 (2010), pp 1279-1285
El Achaby and A.