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Large number of loss circulation will greatly impact the drilling cost and rig time.
The generated foams create voids in the cement grain which reduce the compaction of cement particles.

A number of energy enterprises have been privatized and many of them have been restructured.
There are also a number of small HPP operating in Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan is producing and exporting different crops with average grain yield of 17.5 – 20 Mt.
There are a number of large resources of middle- and low-temperature thermal water in Kazakhstan.
The law also provides for a number of incentives for these generation companies, including feed-in tariffs and connection of new facilities to the existing power grids.

The kinetic coefficients ki,j are determined by the diffusivities of droplets that in turn depend on the number of atoms in the islands [12]:
The rate of atom evaporation is determined by the attempt frequency α0, the activation energy of desorption Edes, and the number of atoms on the surface of droplet ni.
Fig. 4 demonstrates the dependence of the droplet number on the substrate surface on the normalised annealing time for different values of the evaporation rate of atoms from the droplets.
The saturation is likely caused by two reasons, namely: (i) the decrease of droplet mobility due to the increase of their size and (ii) the decrease of droplet number so that their collisions become less probable.
From the curve of the calculated dependence of relative droplet density on the normalised time of annealing, the normalised time values τ0 corresponding to the experimentally observed normalised grain densities were determined for different RTA temperatures.

It has a set of various parameters which can be grouped as: (a) topography parameters such as surface roughness, textures and waviness (b) mechanical parameters such as residual stresses and hardness, and (c) metallurgical state such as microstructure, phase transformation, grain size and shape, inclusions etc.
The vertical motion of the tracer is amplified electrically and is impressed on a recorder to draw the profile of the surface or is fed into an averaging meter to give a number representing the surface roughness.
A considerable number of studies have been conducted to measure surface roughness by using optical-type measurement.
During the past years, researchers have developed a number of methods for measuring residual stresses in different types of components.
X-diffraction technique is applicable to materials that are crystalline and fine grained.

This tool has a lot of application possibilities also for a great number of surface treatment processes, which include solid-state phase transformation as in surface hardening, melting and vaporization as in laser surface alloying, impart beneficial residual stresses in materials as in laser shock peening, modified surface areas in laser ablation or to fuse metallic powders as in selective laser sintering/melting.
The use of magnesium as a substrate and the use of high laser power values selected so as not to cause the material to boil may cause mixing of magnesium and aluminium in the resulting top layer, thus causing intentional changes in the microstructure consisting in the formation of new inter-metallic phases and fragmentation of the structure and grains, which in turn leads to reinforcement of material in the surface layer.
Physical and mechanical properties of the ceramic carbide and oxide powders Properties SiC Al2O3 Density, kg/m3 3.44 3.97 Hardness, HV0,05 1600 2300 Melting temperature, °C 1900 2047 Thermal expansion coefficient a, 10-6/ºC 4.0 7.4¸8.5 Grain size, µm 100 120 Table 4.
HPDL laser parameters Parameter Value Laser wave length, nm 940 ± 5 Peak power, W 100÷2300 Focus length of the laser beam, mm 82 /32 Power density range of the laser beam in the focus plane [kW/cm²] 0.8÷ 6.5 Dimensions of the laser beam focus, mm 1.8 x 6.8 For analysis of the obtained microstructure, light microscope techniques were applied, using a common Leica-Zeiss metallographic microscope together with the bright field observation method, allowing the discovery of zones, grains and precipitates occurring in the surface layer.
There is no evidence for dissolving of the ceramic powder SiC grains, because the carbon concentration in the Al matrix will be possible to measure and visible on Fig. 12.

There are a number of compelling motivations for the study of these exotic materials.
Using periodic approximants allows access to the DFT methodology which is applicable to periodic systems; the number of atoms in the models is restricted to manageable numbers by carefully choosing the order of the approximant and the size of the slab under consideration.
This number is too large for the calculations to be feasible.
Studies of other surfaces are few in number.
The number of reports of studies of the clean surfaces of giant unit cell materials looks set to increase.

The mechanisms of defect formation, migration and annealing at the atomic scale, ranging from grain boundaries, dislocations, single atomic and cluster vacancies to nanoscale voids and surface effects, are fundamental to understanding material properties and functionalities by modifying their electrical, mechanical, dielectric and magnetic properties.
One should keep in mind, that higher atomic numbers of the projectile as well as for the target nuclei result in higher Coulomb-barriers and thus increasing the necessary beam energy.
Moreover, the half-life of heavier daughter nuclides tends to increase for higher atomic numbers, again given by the repulsive Coulomb-barrier, but now the one for b+-emission.
Additionally, lower decay energies and higher atomic numbers favor b+-decay over electron capture.
Since the atomic mass roughly scales with Z, the radiation length scales approximately with the inverse atomic number.

The experiment uses three kind of structure types to carry on the contrast, the load supposes the spare wheel rut tester, the wheel-pressure is 0.7MPa, the roller compaction speed is 42 /min, the experimental temperature for 60℃, uses the brae bed reflection crack development highly along with the load function number of times relations for the experiment evaluating indicator.
Table 11 Anti-reflective cracking simulation test structure type Scheme Numbers Pavement structure types Structure total ply/cm Ⅰ 5cm AC13 Asphalt concrete+ C30 Concrete Slab 10 Ⅱ 5cm AC13 Asphalt concrete + Fiberglass grid+ C30 Concrete Slab 10 Ⅲ 5cm AC13（0.4%RK300）Asphalt concrete+C30 Concrete Slab 10 Uses the eccentric loading.
Fig. 3 Central Load Fig. 4 Eccentric Load Fig. 5 Scale map of reflective cracking in asphalt layer Under the non-central load function, observes each kind to spread separately the structure reflection crack at the beginning of crack, to expand to 1cm, 2cm, 3cm and finally the cracking number of times, finally see Table 12.
Table 12 Eccentric loading endurance test result Scheme Numbers Pavement structure types Crack propagation into different scale when fatigue times/times Initial crack 1cm 2cm 3cm Finally cracked Ⅰ 5cmAC13 Asphalt concrete+5cm Concrete Slab 1120 3248 6510 9290 10012 Ⅱ 5cm Asphalt concrete +Fiberglass grid+5cm Concrete Slab 1848 4284 7434 12138 14212 Ⅲ 5cmAC13（0.4%RK300）Asphalt concrete +C30 Concrete Slab 2781 5423 9876 13356 17808 It was found, for the program Ⅰ, when the eccentric load to 1120 the number of times, cement concrete cracks at the seams along the bottom gradually expanded, cracks extended upward along the vertical direction basically, but some small cracks in the development of the both sides of the diagonal, when the crack extended to 3cm scale cracks developed rapidly, when the load times to 10012 times, the asphalt layer completely broken.
PlanⅡ Asphalt concrete crack law of development is similar to planⅠ, When the non-central load function number of times is 1848 Brea bed bases starts to present the small crack, but crack to load function one side diagonal expansion, The expansion process is slow, when the load function number of times achieves 14212 times, the Brea bed breaks completely, this time tries the wheel to walk one side Bolivia filament grill and the concrete slab has the length to withdraw the phenomenon.

It has also been documented that applying ultrasonic or mechanical vibration to a solidifying melt can lead to grain refinement of the alloy and formation of a non-dendritic and globular structure [13, 14].
For image processing, a total number of 100 randomly selected particles were analyzed in a total measured area of 300 mm2 per specimen.
A number of these nuclei are detached from the surface as a result of applying shear stress and are distributed into the melt to generate a large number of refined primary Mg2Si particles.
Therefore the number of nuclei suspended in the molten alloy entering the mold cavity is increased and consequently the size of Mg2Si particles is decreased.
The number of the seed crystals and the extent of the shear stress applied on them are therefore affected by the vibration action.

Based on the image, the selection of an appropriate number of magnetrons corresponding to the defects to heat can be made.
Two steps algorithm was adopted: first, transformation of grayscale image into binary image by thresholding algorithm is conducted and second, through region growing, the defect pixels are gathered together and grain noise pixels in background are eliminated.
The number of grids equals to the magnetrons' number.
For one thing, the manual is unrestricted with the number and location of the defects.
Because the limited number of pins of MCU has to manipulate a large number of magnetrons, some signal latching components are used.