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X-ray and Raman data also suggest the crystallization of Si nuclei at glass substrate-alumina interface, which would come from the soda-lime glass used as substrate.
Sample D has increasing transparency, whereas the other films show slight transparency reduction.
The infrared spectroscopy data, shown in the inset of Fig. 3, presents some identified absorption bands.
These results may be summarized by stating that great modifications were found on the changing from aluminum to aluminum oxide, as suggested by the XRD data, along with the UV-Vis transmittance spectra, which show oxidation, leading to a transmittance above 60%.
Tabata, for the Raman data, and the financial support of the Brazilian agencies: CNPq, FAPESP and FUNDUNESP (grant 91312/13-DFP).

Considering that a higher concentration factor results in higher cost reduction, it can be seen that within the concentration range where single axis tracking may be used, the most desirable concentration factor is that which approaches the upper limit of 10X.
If the tracking requirements are minimized, the cost reduction achieved by reduction of the PV cells’ surface area outweighs the cost of the optical elements [22, 23].
The simulations and the determination of the best focus loci are basic data to control and program the tracking system.
The set of data obtained is used to adjust the polynomial expressions shown in table 1.

Moreover, the spectrum of the film produced at Ts = 350 °C shows that the SnS phase has almost vanished and the SnS2 phase is present with the (001), (111), (101), and (110) orientations planes according to the JCPDS data card 23-0677 of the SnS2 hexagonal crystal structure.
It is also noted that the films produced at high temperatures contain larger sized crystallites, which leads to the reduction of the strain as well as the stresses in the crystal lattice of the films and, consequently, to the improvement of the crystallinity of the SnS2 structure, as has been well confirmed by the XRD spectra.
The d-spacing and lattice parameters were calculated from XRD pattern data according to the equations [33]: 2dhklsinθ=nλ and 1dhkl2=a2h2+b2k2+ c2l2 (6) Table 1 Calculated values of lattice parameters (a, c), interatomic distance (dhkl), crystallite size (D), strain (ε) and dislocation density (δ) using XRD spectra Substrate temperature (°C) Lattice Parameters (Å) c/a dhkl (Å) D(Scherrer) (nm) D(W-H) (nm) ε(Scherrer) (x10-3) ε(W-H) (x10-3) δ (×10-3 lines.mm-2) a c 300 3.686 5.902 1.601 5. 8923 15,04 14.91 2.30 2.53 4,42 350 3.666 5.921 1.615 5. 8920 20.00 20.31 1.70 1.84 2,50 400 3.698 5.885 1.591 5. 8907 30.44 31.06 1.15 1.19 1,08 450 3.681 5.905 1.604 5. 8903 34.15 35.01 1.00 1.09 0,84 The interatomic distance (dhkl) in semiconductor materials increases with the decrease of the grain size at the nanoscale, as has been reported by Satyanarayana et al. [34].
It is also noted that at high temperatures (TS = 450 °C), this reduction appears very appreciable.
Sun,Visible-light photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide over SnS, Materials Letters 174 (2016) 238–241

Figure 7(a) shows that there is a sharp reduction peak at 1.70 V in the CV diagram for the first charge-discharge cycle, which represents the embedding of lithium ions and corresponding to the initial discharge platform in Figure 5(a).
However, after 150 cycles, the reduction peak shifts from 1.70 V to 1.72 V with a decreasing peak height, and the oxidation peak shifts from 2.07 V to 2.11 V, and the peak height also decreases significantly.
In general, the reduction/oxidation peak is correlated with electrochemical activity, but the change in the peak depends on many factors, such as the electrical conductivity or the polarization of materials [20].
This result indicates that the curves in Figure 7(b) effectively reflect the real electrode impedance data.
Haul, et al, Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984), J.

To define and follow optimized manufacturing operations, for example regarding energy consumption, output or throughput time, decisions need to be made continuously while considering and analyzing a broad number of processes, production factors and up-to-date data.
Instead, the user obtains the whole set of requested result data, which must be analyzed and evaluated manually.
Later on, the steam generator for the autoclaves needs to compensate for this reduction.
Yoon, “A problem reduction and decomposition approach for scheduling for a flowshop of batch processing machines,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 179–192, 2000
Uzsoy, “Integrating a decomposition procedure with problem reduction for factory scheduling with disruptions: A simulation study,” International Journal of Production Research, vol. 46, no. 21, pp. 5883–5905, 2008

Qualitative analysis of XRD data reveals that the structure of magnetite nanoparticles have the same phase of ICSD No. 82237.
X-ray diffraction data was analyzed by Rietica and Origin sofware.
Based on the experimental data, the pH for the stirring rate of 875 rpm is 8 that different with the other process namely of 9.
The Data illustrates that the magnetization of the samples increases with increasing particles size.
This data is also supported by the values that obtained from the remanent magnetization and saturated magnetization.

Based on GIS data of the neighborhood that is subjected to an evaluation, geometry data of the different buildings is derived.
GIS-data.
The geometry data from the GIS system can partly provide the necessary information.
To semantically enrich the geometry data (as derived from the GIS data), regularly the overall condition and retrofit state of the buildings within the examined regions has to be collected.
Indicators derived from the semantically enriched GIS-data.

Table 1 shows the test data when the measures of preventing deflection mentioned in the paper didn’t taken.
Table 2 shows the first test data when reducing drill pressure, while Table 3 shows the second test data when reducing drill pressure.
Table 1 Experiment data of Φ525MZ auger miner(without using antisway measures) rod number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 pushing pressure [MPa] 11 11.5 12 12.5 12 13 12 11.5 13 rod number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 pushing pressure [MPa] 13 13.5 12.5 14 13 14 15 17 18 Table 2 Experiment data of Φ525MZ auger miner(using antisway measures, first time) rod number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 pushing pressure [MPa] 10.5 11 12 11 11.5 10 11 11 12 rod number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 pushing pressure [MPa] 11 10.5 12 11 11 11.5 12 11 12 rod number 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 pushing pressure[MPa] 12 12.5 12.5 13 12 12.5 13 Table 3 Experiment datas of Φ525MZ auger miner(using antisway measures, second time) rod number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 pushing pressure [MPa] 11 10 11.5 11 10 11 11.5 11.5 11 rod number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 pushing pressure [MPa] 12 11.5 11 12 12.5 11.5 11 12 12.5 rod number 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 pushing pressure[MPa] 12 13 12.5 12 12.5 13 14 Table 1 and Fig. 4 shows that when pushing to sections
By the increase of drilling depth and the reduction of pushing pressure, it shows that coal hole flatness of the two drillings has greatly increased, so its proves that the measures of preventing drill deflection are applied effectively and the analysis of deflection mechanism is correct.

Assisted re-centering, proposed in this paper, requires only a fraction of the restoring force needed for forced re-centering and relies upon manual reduction of the global stiffness of the ERS.
The diagrammatic schemes of combined ERS-RRC systems presented in Fig. 5, not only provide important design data but also reduce the task of otherwise cumbersome numerical analysis to arithmetic combinations of idealized response curves.
Realignment by Global Stiffness Reduction (GSR) Global GSR implies reducing the effective stiffness of an ERS to zero.
-P(φU-2φy)h[KERS+KC] (16) Or φrestor=Mrestor.[1+(Ph/K*)]K* (17) Comparing Eqs. (6) and (16) indicates that the stiffness reduction quotient,[1-(Ph/K*)], that tends to diminish the resistance of the structure before the earthquake becomes the stiffness magnifying factor [1+(Ph/K*)], that increases the resistance of the system to realignment.
Partial Stiffness reduction (PSR) of EBF is briefly discussed in the succeeding sections.

In AlCu, increasing the rolling reduction form 82% to 95% decreased the onset time from several minutes to about one minute at 541°C.
In a more detailed study Beck et al. reported, in an alloy of Al-1.1wt%Mn previously heat treated at 530°C, that increasing the rolling reduction from 20% to 95% gave, after 5 minutes at 625°C, a recrystallized, nearly constant, grain size of between 90 to 100µm, independently of the prior deformation.
After 20 % reduction, only a few abnormal grains were seen after 11 days at 625°C while for strains of 60% and above, many abnormal grains were seen after only 10 hours at 625°C.
In the early studies [7,8] in the material with grain refiner added giving an as-cast 150µm grain size, recrystallization after 40-60% cold reduction gave recrystallized grain sizes of 130 and 90µm respectively on holding at 450°C.
These hypotheses, though they appear to fit at least qualitatively, with the currently available data, clearly need experimental challenge.