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The size, number, and distribution of the inclusions were determined via optical microscopy at 500× magnification.
Fig. 8 (B) shows the effect of the refining time on the number of inclusions in the alloy.
With increasing refining time, the number of inclusions in the alloy decreased and then tended to remain constant.
The number of inclusions in alloy 2 greatly decreased, which was mainly due to the increased number of inclusions and their tendencies to aggregate and float up.
Effects of oxide particles and solute elements on austenite grain growth in Fe–0.05 mass% C and Fe–10mass% Ni alloys[J].

Introduction Dislocation networks (DN) at grain-boundaries have the particular significance in modern multicrystalline-silicon solar cells industry since their electrical activity dramatically influences the solar cells performance due to unwanted recombination of photo-generated carriers.
On the other hand, there is a constantly growing practical interest to DN due to a number of applications for microelectronics [3], among which we should highlight particularly the DRL again.
Directly bonded wafers are perfect artificial grain boundaries as they give precisely controllable and uniform over large area DN at a defined depth and parallel to the wafer surface being therefore an excellent object for studying the properties of dislocations.
In 2007 Yu et al. [21] while studying thick silicon bonded wafers sample in true grain-boundary mode have observed a large enhancement of D1/D2 CL intensity when external bias across the bonding interface was applied.

To overcome these issues, a number of different household treatment methods have been developed especially Bio-Sand Filter (BSF).
MBSF showed high effluent pH during the first few days because of the leaching of chemical from medias’ activation and ions that attached to the surface of grain size.
Moreover, there were still the presence of (K+ and Na+) during the media cleaning that attached to the surface area of grain size.
This due to the distribution of media’s grain size, pore size, media’s depth and quality of influent water [13].

It has been confirmed by a large number of engineering practice in improving the stress state of rock and soil mass, soil bearing capacity and stability [1-3].
Even a large number of macro-tests, due to the experimental conditions restriction, can’t reach a comprehensive analysis and research on stress and deformation of the anchorage segment.
The initial number of the particles generated is 10000.
The top grain is removed and re-balancing to form a flat surface (as shown in figure 1).
The Changes of Porosity in The Interface Porosity (n) is defined as the ratio of pore area and area of measurement circle as given below: Fig.4 Distribution of y-stress along axial direction Fig.5 Variation of stress with time-stepping along radial direction （1） Where, Az is the area of measurement circle, Av is the summation of pore area in the measurement circle , Ab is the summation of grain area in measurement circle.

At highest flux content, biomass ash results in characteristics like coarse grains, higher residual carbon content, and low crystallinity in reinforced materials.
In the year 2013-14, teff accounted for 22.6% (about 3.2 million hectares per year) of the grain crop area in Ethopia [21].
The pellet (pressed-disk) technique was used for FTIR analysis over a spectral wave-number range of 4000−400 cm−1.
Thus, both S-BAT and S-AAT contain a number of silica groups.
It may also be seen that peaks in S-AAT have greater intensity indicating increase in number of silica groups after acid treatment.

Graphite possesses fine-grained structure and sometimes it is named amorphous graphite, however it is not really amorphous but microcrystalline material.
At the boarder of grains, in the contact zones of the components, during the sintering chemical reactions can proceed leading to formation of new phases, which however were not revealed using the methods of X-ray diffraction.
Change of the matrix of the composite and manner of its obtaining, kind and number of activators gives a possibility of production of another composites, selectively useful in electrochemical processes.
It was found that its electrocatalytic activity was increased in comparison with that determined for the Ni nano-rod and film due to both larger and higher numbers of surface reactive sites.
Number of new technologies in which the newest special electrode materials are obtained, increases very fastly [26,27].

Where whiskers (acicular grains) are present on the surface of the microstructure inside of the pores, in which particles with micrometric and nanometric diameters can be filtered. [1] The filter considered is made of porous silicon and the whiskers are created of Si3N4 (through Nitridation Process) inside the pores of the substrate, forming a network which is responsible for catching the smallest particles coming with the gases, that could not be held through the pores of the filter. 1.1.- The Process The Nitridation is a process in which nitrogen at high temperature is added to Si or any other material, annealing in a nitrogen rich atmosphere like N2+1%H2, NO or N2O. [2] This process was used to create silicon nitride whiskers1 inside the Si filter's pores.
The silicon sample was prepared from the silicon raw powder (grain size < 32µm) in a cylindrical shape (Φ=10.89 mm), with a thickness of 5.43 mm, sintered, cut and polished.
The results from the samples (average of total number of samples) were: Open porosity= 42% ± 0,0982 Close porosity=1.38% The diameter of the pore dp was: dp=20.90x10-6m Having applied the Nitridation process the results shown in the Table 3.1.1., were obtained, where it is described in detail the open and close porosity according to every condition used in each situation which depends on the gas applied, also the holding time and the presence of Titanium during the thermal treatment.
-Permeability The permeability measurements were inversely proportional to the apparent number of whiskers (as seen in the micrographs).
Therefore the density of whiskers inside the pores, could be controlled, thus the active crossection for particle diffusion could be diminished at will from the original pore size, depending on the number and length of the whiskers grown inside the pores.

The grains with the size of about 80-120 nm were agglomerating together.
At the same time, there may be a large number of voids between these nanospheres, and the microcellular structure can facilitate the electron transfer from electrolyte to electrode [24-26].
Similarly, at a higher current density, the specific capacitance decreases due to the limited number of active sites contributed to the electrochemical reaction and also the polarization of the electrode [4, 21].

The grain size after heat treatment at 900 °C was about 100 nm (Fig. 2A).
When the green compacts were sintered at 1200 °C (Fig. 2B), the grain size was increased to a value close to 1 µm.
In contrast with the control surface (tissue culture plastic), the number of cells that proliferate on the scaffolds in all cases, e.g.
By repeating this measurement for a large number of angular positions of the sample and by using a tomographic reconstruction algorithm, it is possible to reconstruct the 3-D b map.
Unfortunately, although a number of details can be observed with holotomography, it is still hard to distinguish very soft tissues such as vessels.

The resulting glycerol has a blackish-brown color that comes from fine grains of activated carbon that can still pass through the pores of filter paper during filtration.
Characteristics of Edible Film without Glycerol Addition from Used Cooking Oil Making an edible film with the use of potato starch of 3 grams and without the addition of glycerol from used cooking oil (0% glycerol) produces a white solution resulting from the color of potato starch which will then thicken at 700C, this is because the gelatinization temperature or the temperature at which starch grains break is 52-800C (Lismawati, 2017) and the gelatinization temperature of potato starch is 65-680C [15].
The tensile strength value is large also due to the large number of hydrogen interactions contained in the edible film so the bond between chains is stronger and requires great energy to break the bond [10].
This is because the addition will increase the stretching of the intermolecular space of the edible film matrix structure (increase flexibility) and decrease the number of hydrogen bonds (reduce fragility).
Reducing the number of hydrogen bonds increases elongation but decreases the tensile strength of the edible film.