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Experimental tests of hydraulic components in low ambient temperatures were conducted in the hydraulic laboratory of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Gdansk University of Technology.
Startup of a hydraulic system in low temperatures may cause: reduced hydraulic-mechanical efficiency, delayed reaction time of valves, faster wear and more frequent damage to parts (elements) of components, changes in clearance between cooperating elements of components, change of material properties of elements of hydraulic components, increase of flow resistance [1, 2, 3, 16, 17].
Determination of clearance between cooperating elements of component Changes of clearance between cooperating elements of hydraulic components during start-up of the equipment in these conditions depend on many factors.
Use of materials with different properties of thermal expansion coefficient of hydraulic components elements Special design of component Methods of preventing from loss of effective clearance between cooperating elements of hydraulic component Housing of component with higher surface of heat transfer Additional heating of hydraulic component housing Heating of housing with hot fluid Electrical heating of housing Fig. 4.
Design of hydraulic components affects boundary changes of clearances during start-up in thermal shock conditions and thus their behavior in these conditions. 2.

And it will directly affect the bearing capacity and durability of the whole prestressed structure.
The results show that the method of using heat shrinkable material to protect anchor has the advantages of simple and reliable construction technology, short construction period, low cost, good electrical insulation, high sealing property and anti-stripping strength.
Polymer materials after cross linking improved greatly in mechanical strength, heat resistance, chemical solvents, anti-aging, especially the acid and alkali resistance.
With excellent properties among flame retardant, insulation, soft and flexible, low shrink temperature and quick shrinkage, heat shrinkable material has been widely used in wire connections, solder joint protection, wire end processing, wire signs, antirust and antisepsis treatment of metal, insulation protection of resistors and capacitors, antenna conservation and other aspects.
These factors have great impacts to attenuate the durability of the entire PC system.

Various promising properties such as good stability and flexibility, desirable optical properties, high carrier mobility, tunable conductivity, etc. of SWCNT exhibit that it is a potential material for organic devices.
SWCNT is one-dimensional allotrope of carbon and it has excellent mechanical, electronic and optical properties [19].
Rakhshani, Heterojunction properties of electrodeposited CdTe/CdS solar cells, J.Appl.
Farooq, Electrical and Interfacial Properties of p-Si/P3HT Organic-on-Inorganic Junction Barrier, Acta Physica Polonica A. 120 (2011) 558-562
Manik, Effect of back electrode on photovoltaic properties of crystal-violet-dye-doped solid- state thin film, Ionics. 14 (2008) 427-432.

Re and Rg1 have similar physicochemical properties, but their molecular structures are different.
Results and Discussion Physical properties of MIPs.
Physical morphology and adsorption properties of MIPs can be consulted on Figure 1.
There is a slight effect of Rg1 pre-adsorbed on the MIPs for the adsorption of Re and the initial concentration of template is the main factor affecting the adsorption capacity of competing molecules at the same temperature.
UV irradiation and aging effects on nanoscale mechanical properties of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene for biomedical implants, Plastics Rubber and Composites. 37(2008) 346-352

Fertility affects the economic performance of the management and ultimately determines the financial stabilization of agricultural enterprises.
The structure, objectives and specific properties of the land market in the agricultural sector have been defined.The experience of regulating land relations and functioning of the land market and its infrastructures in foreign countries with market economies have been summarised in the book.
Reclamation works can be performed with the use of various technological equipment (at Ordzhonikidze Mining and Processing Plant quarries there are four principle technical projects: 1st – using scrapers and rotary mechanical shovel, 2nd – using walking dredge and rotary mechanical shovel, 3rd – using single bucket excavator and dump trucks and 4th – using scrapers).
If the reclaimed lands are transferred to the private property, their owner may not carry out the reclamation.
Bar chart of the distribution of the mining and processing plant loss due to land resources restoration Considering the factors of the undisturbed land acquisition and the reclaimed land use, the loss in i quarry follows the formula: Lpi =(( Pрi (Qli) – Pрi(Вр.m )) Sa Тe+ Вр.bi(Qр)) Sвi , UAH, (19) where Pрi( Qli) – is the function of the crop productivity from the bonitet score of the undisturbed land allocated to i quarry, kg/ha; Pрi(Вр.m) –function of the crop productivity on the reclaimed lands of i quarry from the costs of mining reclamation, kg/ha; Вр.bi(Qр)– function of the total cost of the biological reclamation from the bonitet score of the reclaimed land in i quarry, UAH/ha.

Besides, we can also analyze using the simulation of Rhapsody as follows: 1) realize various failure modes in the software system model; 2) judge whether the running characteristics of software system after injecting failure mode is in violation of the property requirement, which is given in the phase of the definition.
If there are mistakes or imperfections in the design of a module,or the design of the module does not meet the original requirements of the software (unless the design of the protection for unusual incident has been done, the module still meets the requirements of the software under the failure), it will affect the ability of the original properties of the module to meet the software requirements specification.
Through the changes of state diagram, affect will be displayed intuitively, but in the traditional FMEA, it is difficult to sort out the clues of a series of effects generated by messages.
FMEA analysis based on modeling and simulation in Rhapsody is still a kind of qualitative effects analysis based on failure modes, but in the process of simulation, we can analyze the impact of the failure of multiple factors.
Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Magazine. 2004, 21(3): 8-12

It is therefore concluded that the control of water-cement ratio, the control of fly ash content, and the sufficient curing with retention of moisture in early stage are all the essential factors to ensure the durability against carbonation for the concrete with fly ash content.
The carbonation speed depends on many factors: Water-cement ratio, admixture (such as fly ash), additives, cement varieties and usage, and construction quality, which affect the carbonation resistance of concrete somehow.
Such concrete with higher water-cement ratio and higher content of active stuff is able to fulfill the engineering requirements for its mechanical properties.
Compared with the case of standard curing 28d, the compressive strength of concrete will decrease by about 40~45%, thus being unable to meet the C30 concrete mechanical property requirements
So it comes to the second conclusion that, the participated control of fly ash content and the sufficient curing with retention of moisture in early stage are both the essential factors to ensure the durability against carbonation and the compressive strength for the concrete with fly ash content.

Problems in the Application of Commercial CAD/CAE Software and Improvement Methods Cheng Wang a, Xiongwei Yang b and Baokun Yang c Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049 China awc071@163.com, b xiongwei@stu.xjtu.edu.cn, cyang.bk@stu.xjtu.edu.cn Keywords: CAD/CAE; Commercial Software; Problems; Software engineer; Improvement Methods.
At the same time, in pursuit of general-utility, a lot of parameters need to be set in commercial software, but any parameter setting mistake may greatly affect the simulation results, which is a too high starting point for an engineer who has rare experience.
Various performance, strength, reliability and durability of mechanical equipment can be calculated and analyzed as early as in product development stage.
Thus, the key factor of digital design is cultivating compound talents with plenty of relative knowledge and experience.
In the future, experiments are not independent behavior but vital factor that will promote the whole R&D process.

To select the final product manufacturing processes (casting forming, forging and forming or welding shape.) is based on comprehensive analysis of its manufacturing cost factors, the stability of product quality and product durability factors cycle factors.
EPC process has been chosen on the basis of our understanding of the adapter environment using; Material selection of products to meet the main consideration of product performance, This includes mechanical properties, physical properties and chemical indicators of performance in their products to be able to ensure the safe and reliable operating environment.
Second, the origin of the coordinate system of work set in the punch face the highest point of the geometric center of the cavity, the calibration XC axis machining center with positive X-axis tool path consistent forward, rotating the axes to the axes in accordance with YC and ZC the properties of right-handed Cartesian coordinate system and processing center of its positive Y and Z axis of positive consistency.
Lesser extent, can be removed by mechanical processing methods, the extent of casting a direct result of heavier scrap.
The self-hardening sand cover will affect the foam model combustion exhaust gas resulting air gap phenomenon.

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave.
It has been shown that the alloy composition affects the strength levels which can be achieved during natural aging and through high temperature aging treatments (i.e. artificial aging) [1-8].
In the case of natural aging, while the change in the Si content does not affect the natural aging kinetics, the increase in Cu content results in an increase in the kinetics of natural aging [9].
The desire to optimize the processing, properties and alloy chemistry for this commercially important class of aluminum alloys has led to the development of the recent analytical and modeling techniques to quantify the microstructural evolution of the alloys during thermal processing [10-14].
These results suggested that Cu addition affected the precipitate nucleation rather than the growth process.