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Finally the product was filtered and washed with water numbers of times.
Peak I is displaced to high wave number peak II when particle size increased.
Borse, NO2 Gas Sensing Properties of Screen Printed ZnO Thick Films,Sens. and Transducers 101 (2009) 96-103
Borse ,Formulation and characterization of Cu doped ZnO thick films as LPG gas sensor, Sens. and Transducers 9 (2010)11-20
Patil, Cr2O3-modified ZnO thick film resistors as LPG sensors, Talanta 77(4) (2009)1409-1414

Apart from the broad peak due to PVA, there are three sharper peaks corresponding to (111), (220) and (311) lattice planes of cubic CdS phase (JCPDS card no. 80-0019).
The crystal structure and Millerindices of planes have been obtained by referring and comparing standard JCPDS (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard) data card number 060630 [31].
The interplanner distance ‘d’ is also matched with standard ‘d’ of JCPDS data card.
(JCPDS-80-0020).
(JCPDS-36-1450).

Even the small heterocyclic compounds, polymers having greater number of conjugation and easily accessible free electrons present in the heteroatoms aids in enhancing the optical properties and biological activities off the materials [33-39].
The RIT 62-Cu-MOF-1 showed peaks at 2θ values of 10.18°, 12.07°, 17.3°, 26.8°, 36.80 °, 40.32°, 42.57° and 51.05° corresponding to the crystal planes at 015, 020, 032, 040, 102, 014, and 023 respectively which are in agreeable to the literature (JCPDS card number 76–1393) For RIT 62-Cu-MOF-2 the 2θ values were observed at 17.3°, 36.8 °, 40.32°, corresponding to crystal plane at 020, 032, 102, respectively.
Fabrication and characterization of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticle based dye-sensitized solar cell.
Investigation of optical and thermal properties of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles prepared by Crocus Sativus (Saffron) flower extract.
Antimicrobial investigation of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles prepared by a rapid combustion method.

The diffraction patterns were analyzed and compared with standard Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) files to confirm phase purity and crystallinity.
The XRD pattern of the commercial aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) catalyst showed sharp and well-defined peaks at 2θ values of 25.55°, 34.86°, 38.08°, 42.44°, 52.00°, and 59.83°, indicating a crystalline structure and matching the database of the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card file No. 46–1215.
These assignments match well with standard reference patterns (e.g., JCPDS Card No. 37-1497), confirming the presence of pure crystalline CaO without major impurity phases.
A number of researches have previously investigated the structural, chemical, and thermal properties of calcium oxide (CaO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O₃) as catalysts for biomass pyrolysis.
Herrera, “Crystallographic and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by two different methods,” Appl.

The diffraction pattern of un-doped CeO2 compound and their reflections according to JCPDS 34-0394 card, can be observed in figure 3 (bottom spectrum).
Moreover, with increasing either In or Ru atoms inside the cerium oxide lattice, the number of carriers augment promoting modifications in the physical properties, as concluded from our results.
Aiyer, Formulation and characterization of ZnO:Sb thick-film gas sensors, Thin Solid Films 325 (1998) 254-258

Materials and Methods Preparation of the KSr2Nb5O15: KSr2Nb5O15 nanometric powders (JCPDS card number 34-0108) are prepared using a Modified Polyol Method [[] R.J.
In the sequence, an activation system consisting of 4 phr of zinc oxide (ZnO with 81.38 g/mol) and 3 phr of stearic acid (CH3(CH2)16COOH with 284.47 g/mol), which react with each other to form zinc stearate (Zn(C18H35O2)2), was added.

According to JCPDS card No. 88–2348, these peak positions belong to tetragonal rutile structure of pristine SnO2.
This condition pushes a greater number of Al atom doped into SnO2 lattice either via loading in the O atomic vacancy or by occupying the position of the Sn atom owing to substitution.
Patel et al., “Photovoltaic-driven transparent heater of ZnO-coated silver nanowire networks for self-functional remote power system,” J.
Wijayantha, “Transparent heater based on Al, Ga co-doped ZnO thin films,” Mater.
Akyıldız, “Solution processed aluminum-doped ZnO thin films for transparent heater applications,” Mater.

Introduction Researchers have seen a significant increase in the number of publications on nanotechnology over the last decade, and the area has piqued the interest of scientists in a wide range of domains including electronics, optics, aerospace, materials science, and pharmaceuticals [1].
JCPDS card data: 49-1302 is consistent with the diffraction patterns observed [18].
Preparation and characterization of ZnO: Co nanoparticles as DSSC photocathode.

These structural materials have low density, high specific surface features, and their hollow parts have the capacity to accommodate a large number of guest molecules or large size guest molecule.
Except the existence of the peaks of aluminum hydroxide sulfate, the peaks in 28.14, 38.62, 49.3 is in coincide to orthorhombic g-AlOOH (JCPDS card no. 21-1307) and indicating that after 12h hydrothermal treatment, the product is two-phase mixture.
Fabrication of ZnO "Dandelions" via a Modified Kirkendall Process [J].

X-Ray Diffraction: Figure (1) depicts the X-ray diffraction patterns of CuxCe0.3-XNi0.7Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles samples, which were compared to the diffraction patterns in JCPDS Standard Card No. 10-0325 for NiFe2O4.
When the H2S gas is withdrawn, no more free electrons are generated, and the sensor is "washed" of H2S gas, reducing both the number of free electrons and the electrical current signal.
Low-temperature operating ZnO-based NO 2 sensors: a review.