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Online since: May 2012
Authors: Wen Xiu Zhao, Ping Lu, Hai Jun Wu, Zhi Xiang Zhou
Tab.2 Typical vertical cracks with the change of the loading process width table
Load stage 3
Load(t)and cycles
0—14T
Cycles(n)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Vertical crack width(mm)
0.14
0.14
0.18
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.28
0.28
Load stage 4
load(t)and cycles
0—16T
Cycles(n)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Vertical crack width(mm)
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
Load stage5
load(t)
19
21
23
25
30
35
Vertical crack width(mm))
0.31
0.38
0.45
0.6
0.9
1.4
Load stage6
Load(t)
0
10
20
30
33.8
35.7
40
44.3
50
Vertical crack width(mm)
0.34
0.34
0.64
0.78
1.14
1.32
1.44
1.53
2.22
From the data in Table.2, it shows that when cyclic loading to 14 T~ 20T, the crack change little; In the loading process of 20 T~ 26 T, vertical crack width is obviously increased, and the loading process of 26 T ~ 30 T, the crack width is increased sharply.
The test data show that at the initial stage when the load is low and crack width is narrow, cyclic loading does not exerts an influence crack development,And when the load increase and crack expand to a certain level, cyclic loading exerts an influence crack development visibly.
Assuming Reduction coefficient when crack again, the type (expression 1) can be expressed as ,namely: (2) The relationship between the crack moment and the last can be simply expressed by.
A curve which explains the relationship between the crack moment and the cyclic loading times is got by the least square method (brunet curve fitting curve, the other for test data in fig.5).
Due to limited test data, the results above need to be further studied and remain to revised.
The test data show that at the initial stage when the load is low and crack width is narrow, cyclic loading does not exerts an influence crack development,And when the load increase and crack expand to a certain level, cyclic loading exerts an influence crack development visibly.
Assuming Reduction coefficient when crack again, the type (expression 1) can be expressed as ,namely: (2) The relationship between the crack moment and the last can be simply expressed by.
A curve which explains the relationship between the crack moment and the cyclic loading times is got by the least square method (brunet curve fitting curve, the other for test data in fig.5).
Due to limited test data, the results above need to be further studied and remain to revised.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Marcos A.S. Barrozo, Valéria V. Murata, Kássia Graciele dos Santos, Taisa S. Lira, Ricardo A. Malagoni
The use of isoconversional models, or free-models, is recommended as a trustworthy way of obtaining reliable and consistent kinetic information from dynamic TG data [11].
Although the weight loss rate data is not described in detail, the isoconversional methods generate consistent kinetic results and enable a reasonable prediction of the final conversion of the pyrolysis process [12].
In this work, the Kissinger method [13] and the isoconversional methods of Ozawa [14], Starink [15], Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose [16] and Friedman [17] were used in calculating the global activation energy of slow pyrolysis of bagasse, from TG data.
Weight and time/temperature data were recorded, yielding the weight loss (TG) and differential weight loss (DTG) curves.
The data used in the regressions correspond to conversions of 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 75%.
Although the weight loss rate data is not described in detail, the isoconversional methods generate consistent kinetic results and enable a reasonable prediction of the final conversion of the pyrolysis process [12].
In this work, the Kissinger method [13] and the isoconversional methods of Ozawa [14], Starink [15], Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose [16] and Friedman [17] were used in calculating the global activation energy of slow pyrolysis of bagasse, from TG data.
Weight and time/temperature data were recorded, yielding the weight loss (TG) and differential weight loss (DTG) curves.
The data used in the regressions correspond to conversions of 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 75%.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Evgeniy Vorobiev, Victor V. Petrov, Evgenya Shishlianikova
At this stage, we attempted to identify the most energy-advantageous structures and compare the results thus obtained with the data presented in literature.
RLDataView Software was used to control the process, collect and store data, view data during collection and after saving them to files.
The data obtained may be exported to text files, this providing for easy use of MATLAB, MathCAD and Excel programs for mathematical processing.
Critical reduction of the sensitivity index is observed in case a film thickness exceeds 0.3 micron, following which further thickening leads to insignificant desensitization.
Primeneniya provodyaschih polimerov. 2004: URL:http://www.nanoscopy.org/tutorial/onlinetest/polymer/4.htm (data obrascheniya: 13.04.2010)
RLDataView Software was used to control the process, collect and store data, view data during collection and after saving them to files.
The data obtained may be exported to text files, this providing for easy use of MATLAB, MathCAD and Excel programs for mathematical processing.
Critical reduction of the sensitivity index is observed in case a film thickness exceeds 0.3 micron, following which further thickening leads to insignificant desensitization.
Primeneniya provodyaschih polimerov. 2004: URL:http://www.nanoscopy.org/tutorial/onlinetest/polymer/4.htm (data obrascheniya: 13.04.2010)
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Pallab Bhattacharya, Thomas Frost, Animesh Banerjee, Shafat Jahangir
Introduction
Long wavelength visible light emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers, particularly those emitting at λ ~630nm, are useful for solid-state lighting, display applications, optical data storage, and plastic fiber communication.
From this data the average dot diameter and height are estimated to be 30nm and 5 nm, respectively, and the dot aerial density is estimated to be 3.9X1010cm-2.
From the data shown in Fig. 2(a) a value of ηi= 35.9% is derived.
The transient data shown in Fig. 2(c) was analyzed with the stretched exponential model: I=I0exp-tτβ (1) where τ is the lifetime and β is the stretching parameter.
By analyzing the modulation data, a value of the differential gain dg/dn = 5x10-17cm2 is derived.
From this data the average dot diameter and height are estimated to be 30nm and 5 nm, respectively, and the dot aerial density is estimated to be 3.9X1010cm-2.
From the data shown in Fig. 2(a) a value of ηi= 35.9% is derived.
The transient data shown in Fig. 2(c) was analyzed with the stretched exponential model: I=I0exp-tτβ (1) where τ is the lifetime and β is the stretching parameter.
By analyzing the modulation data, a value of the differential gain dg/dn = 5x10-17cm2 is derived.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Xi Hong Li, Hai Jiao Liu, Hai Dong Liu, Ding Ai Cao, Chong Xiao Shao, Lin Xue Du
Effects of different storage temperature on total soluble solids and titratable acidity (TA) of Dendrobium. 0˚C (■), 10˚C (●), 20˚C (▲), Data, Mean±s.d.
Fig. 3 Effects of different storage temperatures on titratable acid contents of Dendrobium. 0˚C (■), 10˚C (●), 20˚C (▲), Data, Mean±s.d.
Effects of different temperature storage on membrane permeability and Malonaldehyde (MDA) (b) of Dendrobium. 0˚C (■), 10˚C (●), 20˚C (▲), Data, Mean±s.d.
Effects of different temperature storage on malondialdehyde of Dendrobium. 0˚C (■), 10˚C (●), 20˚C (▲), Data, Mean±s.d.
China plant red data book: rare and endangered plants, I.
Fig. 3 Effects of different storage temperatures on titratable acid contents of Dendrobium. 0˚C (■), 10˚C (●), 20˚C (▲), Data, Mean±s.d.
Effects of different temperature storage on membrane permeability and Malonaldehyde (MDA) (b) of Dendrobium. 0˚C (■), 10˚C (●), 20˚C (▲), Data, Mean±s.d.
Effects of different temperature storage on malondialdehyde of Dendrobium. 0˚C (■), 10˚C (●), 20˚C (▲), Data, Mean±s.d.
China plant red data book: rare and endangered plants, I.
Online since: August 2022
Authors: Jin Jun Tang, Cui Liang, Chen Guang Xu, Ji Qiang Li
The phase diagram is an intuitive embodiment of the thermodynamic data of the system.
It is derived from thermodynamic principles and data.
The thermodynamic data of the system can also be extracted from the phase diagram.
Among them, the parameters to be optimized of the thermodynamic model in each phase can be obtained through relevant calculation software according to the experimental data.
The relevant systems of powder consolidation and heat treatment need to modify the thermodynamic characteristic data and phase distribution of materials.
It is derived from thermodynamic principles and data.
The thermodynamic data of the system can also be extracted from the phase diagram.
Among them, the parameters to be optimized of the thermodynamic model in each phase can be obtained through relevant calculation software according to the experimental data.
The relevant systems of powder consolidation and heat treatment need to modify the thermodynamic characteristic data and phase distribution of materials.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Guido Belforte, Alexandra Liana Visan
The advantages of a multibody system in which were replaced gained: weight reduction, small energetic consumption, small inertial moments of mobile parts and reduced maintenance costs.
This characteristic represents experimental data measured during four subsequent tests and it can be noted that the lines are very well grouped and their tendency is almost linear, especial in the 2 to 6 [bar] area.
Force - contraction PAM dependence (Ps=ct) Seeing the experimental data distribution it is required to calculate the mean force in the both cases in order to establish the regression lines of this actuator.
Force – Pressure PAM dependence In the diagram from fig.7, it is showed that the regression line of the force-pressure dependence approximates the experimental data.
Experimental Model of a Fluidic Muscle The proposed mathematical model is determined by the experimental data presented above.
This characteristic represents experimental data measured during four subsequent tests and it can be noted that the lines are very well grouped and their tendency is almost linear, especial in the 2 to 6 [bar] area.
Force - contraction PAM dependence (Ps=ct) Seeing the experimental data distribution it is required to calculate the mean force in the both cases in order to establish the regression lines of this actuator.
Force – Pressure PAM dependence In the diagram from fig.7, it is showed that the regression line of the force-pressure dependence approximates the experimental data.
Experimental Model of a Fluidic Muscle The proposed mathematical model is determined by the experimental data presented above.
Online since: September 2003
Authors: Hisayoshi Itoh, Atsuo Kawasuso, Masahito Yoshikawa, Masaki Maekawa
Positron
data were further compared with C-V measurements.
Variable-energy (0.2~20 keV) monoenergetic positron beam was injected into the above MOS samples through the Al electrodes, which were n-MOS p-MOS S/Sb 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 +5V 0V -2V -5V -10V -15V 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.40 5 10 15 20 +5V 0V -5V -10V -15V Positron Energy [keV] n-MOS p-MOS S/Sb 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 +5V 0V -2V -5V -10V -15V 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.40 5 10 15 20 +5V 0V -5V -10V -15V Positron Energy [keV] Fig.2 S-E data as a function of gate bias Vg for n- and p-MOSs with pyrogenic oxidation.
S-parameter tends to increase at open-volume type defects because of the narrowing of the Doppler spectrum due to the reduction of core electron annihilation rate which gives rise to a greater Doppler shift.
Figure 3 shows similar data on dry oxidation.
The positron data are compared with C-V measurements.
Variable-energy (0.2~20 keV) monoenergetic positron beam was injected into the above MOS samples through the Al electrodes, which were n-MOS p-MOS S/Sb 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 +5V 0V -2V -5V -10V -15V 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.40 5 10 15 20 +5V 0V -5V -10V -15V Positron Energy [keV] n-MOS p-MOS S/Sb 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 +5V 0V -2V -5V -10V -15V 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.40 5 10 15 20 +5V 0V -5V -10V -15V Positron Energy [keV] Fig.2 S-E data as a function of gate bias Vg for n- and p-MOSs with pyrogenic oxidation.
S-parameter tends to increase at open-volume type defects because of the narrowing of the Doppler spectrum due to the reduction of core electron annihilation rate which gives rise to a greater Doppler shift.
Figure 3 shows similar data on dry oxidation.
The positron data are compared with C-V measurements.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Pei Qing Xiao, Wen Yi Yao, Chang Gao Wang
Numerous studies have mentioned vegetation impacts on soil erosion, mainly concerning on reduction effects of grass on runoff and sediment compared that of bare slope, little is known about soil erosion process in sloped shrub plots.
However, on the loess plateau in China, Shen et al. (2006) collected runoff and erosion data on filed plot in Yanhe Watershed and showed the amount of erosion on bare slope was 82 times greater than that on grass slope, and 150 times greater than that on shrub slope.
So, it is difficult to use shrub reasonably due to lack of sufficient reliable data to understand the soil erosion process.
The objective of this research is to investigate effects of shrub on runoff and sediment under simulated rainfall experiments, which will present a theoretical guidance for the construction of shrub on the loess plateau, and can offer basic data for the building of soil erosion mechanics model on vegetation-covered slopes.
Experiment data showed the sediment yield was closely related with surface condition, especially with rill development.
However, on the loess plateau in China, Shen et al. (2006) collected runoff and erosion data on filed plot in Yanhe Watershed and showed the amount of erosion on bare slope was 82 times greater than that on grass slope, and 150 times greater than that on shrub slope.
So, it is difficult to use shrub reasonably due to lack of sufficient reliable data to understand the soil erosion process.
The objective of this research is to investigate effects of shrub on runoff and sediment under simulated rainfall experiments, which will present a theoretical guidance for the construction of shrub on the loess plateau, and can offer basic data for the building of soil erosion mechanics model on vegetation-covered slopes.
Experiment data showed the sediment yield was closely related with surface condition, especially with rill development.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Reni Amaranti, Agus N. Supena, Agelin S. Ramadhani
The AHP is a multicriteria decision makings approach in which factors are arranged in a hierarchic structure [6] and make it possible to elicit both qualitatif as well as quantitative data to arrive at a desired goal.
From the data collected can be seen that the number of alternative suppliers is at most five suppliers.
The final step is to create a simple application that will be used as a tool to select suppliers that performed using the method Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) so that the data processing is done following the steps in AHP.
It is based on the data of existing suppliers.
References [1] Liang-Chuan Wu, Supplier Selection Under Uncertainty : A Switching Options Perspective, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 109 No 2, (2009), pp 191-205 [2] John N.
From the data collected can be seen that the number of alternative suppliers is at most five suppliers.
The final step is to create a simple application that will be used as a tool to select suppliers that performed using the method Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) so that the data processing is done following the steps in AHP.
It is based on the data of existing suppliers.
References [1] Liang-Chuan Wu, Supplier Selection Under Uncertainty : A Switching Options Perspective, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 109 No 2, (2009), pp 191-205 [2] John N.