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The particles during in-flight remain in semi-molten state, which give rise to the formation of porous structures in the coating.
In addition, presence of WC modifies the structure of coating; in which case, rather compact coating is resulted.
In addition, attainment of low fracture toughness for Inconel 625 coating without WC blending is because of the brittle structure formation in the free surface region.
The oxide compounds in the surface region are responsible for brittle structure formation in the surface region.
Dent, The effects of fuel chemistry and feedstock powder structure on the mechanical and tribological properties of HVOF thermal-sprayed WC–Co coatings with very fine structures, Surface and Coatings Technology, 172, 2003, 24–41

The performance of SOFC strongly depends on the anode structure on microscopic scale.
Perovskite based anode materials The crystal structure of perovskite.
The perovskite structure is known to be very flexible and the A and B ions can be varied leading to the large number of compounds with perovskite related structures [3].
Most of the perovskites are distorted and do not have ideal cubic structure.
Soft chemistry routes offer low temperature synthesis and nano-size particles.

The normalized data ([Se]/[Se]max) obtained for three test structures are given in Table I.
The averaged ∆z obtained for three investigated structures were in the range of 1.5 to 1.9 (Table I).
Gradient of selenium concentration Structure 1 Structure 2 Structure 3 [Se] (z) z, m m [ ] [ ]maxSe Se ∆z, mm [ ] [ ]maxSe Se ∆z, mm maxSe Se ∆z, mm 5.0 0.05 1.5 0.07 1.9 0.04 1.5 4.5 0.04 1.3 0.07 1.7 0.06 1.6 4.0 0.08 1.4 0.12 1.9 0.09 1.7 exponent 3.5 0.18 1.8 0.23 2.4 0.15 1.8 3.0 0.32 2.2 0.38 3.1 0.29 2.4 2.5 0.51 3.0 0.50 3.6 0.43 2.9 2.0 0.71 4.3 0.68 5.1 0.56 3.3 1.5 - - 0.80 6.6 0.74 4.9 linear 1.0 0.92 6.3 0.88 7.8 0.85 6.1 0.5 - - 0.95 10.4 0.97 17.1 0.0 0.97 ∞ 0.98 ∞ 1.00 ∞ const.
Gradient of Se atomic concentration: measured CIS/Cu-In structure (a); data of line scan EDX measurements (b).
[8] "Handbook of chemistry and physics" 59-th edition, (edited by R.C.

The IDEs is a comb like structure which the finger electrodes originate in pairs but not contact to each other.
It has five high peaks where “A” refers to the anatase crystalline structure while “R” indicates that the rutile crystalline structure available in the samples.
Rutile structure is much dense and stable than anatase [12].
The ball structures showed that the particulate are within the range of 15 nm to 24 nm.
D’Orazio, “Biosensors in clinical chemistry,” Clin.

They indicated that the gamma irradiation triggered linkage and chain division and so rearranged the structure of the network.
The morphology of sepiolite is a fiber-like structure made of several blocks and tunnels oriented towards the fiber axis.
Sep nanofiber structure units comprise an octahedral magnesium layer, Mg(OH)6, sandwiched between two tetrahedral silica sheets (SiO4).
Bieliński, Effect of electron beam irradiation on structure and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber, Radiat.
Guggenheim, Phyllosilicates used as nanotube substrates in engineered materials: structures, chemistries and textures, Nat.

Sponges located in the deep sea zone are potential bioactive metabolites with various structures [6].
Dysidea sponges produce several secondary metabolites with various structures, including furans, sesquiterpenes, brominated diphenyl ethers, spirolactol/lactol, and steroids [7].
Identification of the Structures of Metabolites.
Mass spectrum of ethyl acetate fraction for the peak at retention time of 5.60 min and loliolide structure Fig. 4.
Porte, The structure of loliolide: A terpene from Lolium perenne, Tetrahedron 20 (1964) 1463–1467

It is a structure that spatially confines the carriers in a region of the order of magnitude of the De Broglie wavelength, which affects the states of the quantum system.
For 2D ultra-thin quantum dot (QD) structures, the electronic and optical properties of these systems are different from those of flat two-dimensional electronic systems.
Several works have been performed on 2D or 3D structures.
For a fixed θ0 and H, the curvature radius R leads to control the concavity of the structure such as the nanoflake becomes flat when R→∞ and more convex when R→0.
Journal of materials chemistry A, 8(16), 7508-7535 (2020)

So far, lot of researches has been carried out on controlling the size, shape and crystal structure as these affect their optical properties.
The X-ray diffraction pattern (Figure 1 a-b) reveals the existence of a CdSe:In (002) diffraction peak at 2q = 25.4° C for undoped CdSe film with hexagonal structure.
The sharp and well defined peak observed at 2q = 25.61° corresponding to (002) orientation confirms the hexagonal structure of 10% Zn doped CdSe films.
XRD studies of these film indicated that single phase is obtained in a hexagonal (x < 0.5) or cubic structure (x > 0.5), depending on the x value [15].
Doped films showed monophase content and hexagonal structure withur any other unwanted phases.

Research results of Hirokazu [3] not only suggested T22-Zn complexes had obviously enhanced anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity, but also revealed structure of the complex identified preliminarily.
Vogler et al [8] introduced preparation technology and methods of Zn coordination with peptide which contained two cysteine residues and tri-peptide, respectively, and tested structure, physical and chemical properties of these complexes.
There are scarce research articles reported on preparation technology of Zn-peptide complexes from fish protein, and exploration of its biological activity, identification of its molecular structure.
Structure of complexes was characterized by infrared spectroscopy [13].
Journal of Molecular Structure. 30(2001) 341-346

In one hand CMD was grafted, using water soluble carbodiimide chemistry (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, EDC, and N-hydroxysuccinimide, NHS), to Teflon substrates following its surface amine functionalization.
Indeed, the increase in oxygen could only come from dextran due its chemical structure.
Hence, the C1s HR spectra evidenced that the dextran main structure was partially lost for OxD (Fig. 4).
However HR C1s and ATR-FTIR results displayed that the dextran main structure was partially disrupted during the periodate oxidation compared to the carboxymethylation.
Therefore, these preliminary results exhibited that the carboxymethylation way permits to keep the integral structure of dextran and could be, in a second step, grafted on aminated surfaces.