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However, the more difficult reduction of Co2+ and Fe2+ is carried out by adding NaBH4.
The occurrence of superparamagnetic Fe nano-particles was inferred from Mössbauer and EPR data [1].
For low PAN-content (Fig. 9c), the reduction of Co2+ and Sn2+ ions drives to nanocrystalline CoSn2 (Lc= 24 nm) and minor impurities (CoSn and SnO2).
Zhecheva, Electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray Diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and electrochemical studies on nanocrystalline FeSn2 obtained by reduction of salts in tetraethylene glycol, Chem.
Tirado, Nanocrystalline Fe1-xCoxSn2 solid solutions prepared by reduction of salts in tetraethylene glycol, J.

Therefore, an additional annealing step (8 hours at 300 °C ) was introduced after two passes of I-ECAP at 250 °C, which should have resulted in a reduction of internal stresses with a concurrent microstructure homogenisation.
Temperature reduction to 200 °C was possible only after four passes at 250 °C, which resulted in grain refinement to ~6 µm.
As this approach turned out to be successful, further temperature reduction in the last pass was attempted for sample 15 but massive damage was observed at 125 °C.
In some cases, fracture was observed only at the beginning or at the end of billet, when a gradual temperature reduction was applied (Fig. 8a).
The experimental results were compared with data obtained for conventional ECAP [2-3, 9].

A quantity of latent heat is released from the body causing reduction of energy, generating thermal oscillation of the molecules and consequently the formation of the solid.
Thus, mathematical modeling is a powerful resource that can contribute to predict the phenomena, allowing the reduction of defects and improving the quality [23-24], especially in cases where the shape of the solidified product is complex.
Figure 5 illustrates the physical problem, and the simulation data are the reported in Table 1, for the solid alloy.
From the analysis of this figure we can see that, until approximately 400 s, the temperature drops abruptly, thereafter the reduction becomes to slow.
At this point the temperature drops abruptly until approximately 400 s, and then the reduction becomes slower.

The weight reduction of the vehicle will not reduce the safety performance due to the decrease of the weight of the vehicle body, but oppositely will improve the safety performance, the handling performance, comfort and other aspects of the performance of the vehicle due to the application of some advanced materials, advanced structure design and advanced manufacturing technology.
It was known that 10% weight reduction can save 6%~8% fuel consumption.
The lightweight of automotive is not only a direct and effective mean of energy saving and emission reduction, but also a basis for realizing electrization and intelligence as well as embodiment of the national automotive industry development level and competition ability.
[7] Marlen Bertram.Improving sustainability in the transport sector-through weight reduction and the application of aluminum[R].
[9] Aluminum Standard and Data[M].

The experimental data better correlated with pseudo-second order model.
Several methods such as oxidation or/and reduction, precipitation, solid/liquid separation, reverse osmosis, biological removal process and adsorption [12] have been developed to remove arsenic from contaminated water.
Kinetics Study Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were applied to analyse adsorption data.
For the kinetics study, the experiment data correlated with pseudo-second order model.

For the best data collection using an image resolution of 640 x 480 square pixels, we must take as many samples as possible.
Fig. 3 explains the reference datum height, Zref, from the tray’s plane to the camera reference frame; this datum has a distance of 118 mm, and must be the same each time the camera takes an image for the experiment.
A perfect correlation coefficient of ±1 occurs only when all the data points lie exactly on a straight line which has a ±45° slope.
The regression plots shows that the network outputs, with respect to targets for training, validation, and test sets, are perfect fits: all the plots’ data of correlation coefficients (R = 1) fall along a 45° line as shown in Fig. 7.
Finally, this proposed economizing method of machine vision may convince an industrial sector to adopt it for cost reduction purposes.

The Hall data shows that the enhanced epilayer portraying higher sheet carrier concentration, but comparable carrier mobility in the 2-DEG layer, as compared to the baseline sample.
Table 1Hall Measurement data at Room Temperature (300 K) and 77 K Hall Data XMBE #109 VMBE #2100 Sheet Carrier Concentration (nH) at 300 K / 77 K (x 1012 cm-2) 1.74 / 2.06 2.50 / 2.60 Hall Mobility (mH) at 300 K / 77 K (cm2 /V.s) 12,850 / 48,800 12,982 / 46,390 The detailed information about the steps involved in Hall effect measurement is already reported by Bouluku [8].
The tabulated TLM data were the average values from five TLM ladders located at different locations on the samples.
As shown in the inset of Figure 3, at VDS = 1 V (low VDS), the leakage for VMBE #2100 at VGS = -2.0 V is more than seven times lower than that of VMBE #109, exhibiting a large reduction from -1.3 µA/mm to -0.3 µA/mm for XMBE #109 and VMBE #2100 respectively.

On the view of chemical reaction, MnO2 is a very good oxidant for SO2 from flue gas and chemical product MnSO4 with economic benefits and social value can be created in the oxidation-reduction reaction between SO2 and MnO2[4].
According to the thermodynamics data of chemical reaction (1), the standard mole Gibbs free energy ΔrGm, equilibrium constant K and equilibrium partial pressure of SO2 PSO2 were calculated under the temperature of 298.15K, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Thermodynamics datas of desulphurization reaction T(K) △rGm(J·mol-1) K PSO2(Pa) 298.15 -192.15 4.37×1033 2.29×10-11 Fig.1 Effect of SO2 content in simulative sintering flue gas on desulphurization efficiency Fig.1 shows that the effect of SO2 content in simulative sintering flue gas on desulphurization efficiency.

As mentioned above, in the train of more free water introduced into the fresh mixstures along with the increasing of alkaline activator solution more pores formed in the hydration products of cement harden pastes which would make the obvious reduction in compressive strength.
Table 4 Strength ratio of diverse aging times [%] NO 3days 7days 28days 0.37 0.40 0.43 As for flexure strength characteristics, a similar experimental laws could be drawn by the data under testing, and the strength in flexure (determined on the cement mortar specimens) would reach 14.2 MPa.
Analyzing the results of the study suggested to conclude that further discussions should be done in the direction of the strength ratio of diverse aging times (3,7days) and the datas were given in Table 4.

Design of Measuring Device Fig. 1 The map of measuring device The Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry system is mainly including two parts, and they are called the datum-acquisition device and image processing equipment. shown in Fig. 1.
From the other two Tables, we find the data that the measured value and the theoretical value about the displacement variations of the induced strain field are rudimentary unification the range of error is smaller.
[3] Saba Mirza, Rajesh Kumar, and Chandar Shakher, “Study of various processing schemes and wavelet filters for speckle noise reduction in digital speckle pattern interferometric fringes,” Optical Engineering, 2005, 44(4), pp.1-6