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One of foremost considerations in our project is the evaluation for thermal expansion behavior of each layer which affects the internal thermal stress.
The TBCs generally consist of distinctive porous layers formed by deposition approaches such as thermal sprayings and physical and chemical vapor depositions in order to meet low thermal and elastic properties [1,2].
However, the property of thick coating may not strictly equal to one of actual coating even if they were produced under the same conditions, because the microstructure in the deposited coatings gradually varies along the thick direction.
The free-standing 8YSZ layer was prepared by mechanical removal of the substrate.
However, the densification due to sintering is not influential factor on the change in the CTEs, because no dependency of the CTEs on the shrinkage is found in Fig.6.

Xu College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362011, P.R.
The diamond working conditions and hence the segment performance are attributed to the combined effects of such parameters as grain size, concentration and quality of diamonds, properties of bond matrix and granite.
However, it is worthy noting that the effect of diamond grade can be influenced by the properties of the bond matrix, which can be seen from the difference among specimens 6 to 9 and will be discussed in detail in the following section.
Although diamond crystals having better quality can afford higher load acting on each diamond grain in sawing, the effect of diamond grade can be influenced by the properties of the bond matrix.
Therefore, diamond and bond system should be carefully selected to match the properties of different granites while attempting to optimize the service performance of diamond segments.

The important variables which affect the formability of perforated sheet metal in deep drawing process are material and friction factors; and tooling and equipment factors.
The plastic property of the material follows the power flow law i.e. σ = k ɛn where σ, k, ɛ and n are stress developed, strength coefficient, strain and strain hardening exponent respectively.
The material properties are taken according to drawing steel standards which is ASTM A1031/A1031M – 12.
[13] S.C.Baik, H.N.Han, S.H.Lee, K.H.Oh and D.N.Lee: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences (1997), Vol.39 (7), pp.781–793
[14] S.C.Baik, H.N.Han, S.H.Lee, K.H.Oh and D.N.Lee: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 42, (2000), p.523–536

Numerical simulation is a powerful tool for in-depth analysis and clear visualization of complex, short-lived physical phenomena, providing valuable insights into graphical details and the influence of various factors that are difficult to observe directly in experiments [6,7].
The material properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy used in the numerical simulation are presented in Table 1 [11].
The temperature-dependent thermal-physical properties, including density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat, were sourced from [12]. 
Material properties used in the simulation [11].
Mills, Recommended Values of Thermophysical Properties for Selected Commercial Alloys, Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering (2002) 211-217

The risk chain, a common technical tool for analyzing risks, is used for analyzing the relationship between risk factors and losses [5].
Actually, security risk chain is a framework for analysis which includes security risk factors, environments for security risk factors, the mutual effects between security risk factors and the environment, the results of the effects, and the consequences resulting from the results.
On the first hand, large public buildings are a complex system with the feature of various factors, randomness, nonlinearity, fuzziness.
One security risk factor may cause the change of other factors and even the change of the whole system.
Second, optimizing construction technologies and selecting reasonable safety factors.

Particle size has significant effect on the magnetic properties of fine particles.
The physical properties of nanostructured ferrites are quite different from their bulk counterparts.
The finite size effect is one of the most crucial factors responsible for the superparamagnetic behavior of magnetic oxides like ferrites.
Thus, the controlled synthesis of nanocrystalline ferrites enables us to tune their fundamental magnetic properties and this feature may lead to high performance material.
Several investigators have focused their attention on Cu-Ni ferrite because copper containing ferrites have interesting magnetic and electrical properties [47, 48].

The research on molten salt’s thermophysical properties are mainly discussed in this paper.
Xiong, Deterioration Factors of Heat Transfer Fluids and Its Preventive Measures, Synthetic Lubricants. (2011) 25-27
Wei, et al., The preparation and properties of multi-component molten salts, Applied Energy. 87 (2010) 2812-2817
Wu, et al., Dynamic Measurement of Thermophysical Properties of Molten Salt and Error Correction Method, CIESC Journal. (2012) 2341-2347
Makled, et al., Thermal and mechanical properties of Sn-Zn-Bi lead-free solder alloys, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 484 (2009) 134-142

Design Consideration of Bio-Inspired Contractible Water-Jet Propulsor for Mini Autonomous Underwater Robot Muhammad Farid Shaari1,a, Zahurin Samad1,b, Mohd Elmi Abu Bakar2,c and Mariatti Jaafar3,d 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. 2School of Aerospace Engineering, University Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. 3School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
This including the dimension variation, stress distribution as well as contraction force which affects the hydrodynamic efficiency of the propulsion.
There are many factors that lead to the acceptance of these materials as active actuator in the contractible water-jet propulsor design.
This property is useful to ensure the developed structure deforms and create empty cavity to draw in water [18,19].
Kim: Analysis of mechanical characteristics of the ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator using cast ion-exchange film, Proceedings of SPIE, (2003) p. 486-495 [12] K.

Post-processed cutter location file, machine tool characteristics (structure and CNC controller) and cutting tool properties are used as inputs to carry out the simulations.
Hence, a frequency control factor is introduced.
By making the input parameters vary within the range defined by the equipment properties, MRR evolution simulation is enabled.
In addition to that, the simulation tool can determine the kinematic properties to meet productivity requirements.
From the machined surface properties point of view, form errors are an important characteristic to ensure the quality of parts and assemblies.

Introduction Recently, carbon based thin film such as amorphous carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene layers, and diamond like carbon has become the best interest due to the excellent mechanical, optical and electrical properties[1].
The difference between σd and σi indicate photoresponse properties of the material where the current flow in the external circuit is generated from the electron-hole pairs that are separated by the electric field between the electrodes from the light absorption (when being illuminated).
The π bonding at sp2 sites forms the conduction and valence bands edges thus this governs the electrical properties of a-C [14].
Thus, since the localized π electrons play an important role in determining the optical properties of a-C, the reduction in Eg can also be said to be due to π- π* transition that comes from the sp2 domains in which electronic wavefunctions delocalised [17].
Fig.1 : The evolution of optical band gap and electrical conductivity at different samples Fig.2 : Tauc’s plot of a-C at different samples The current-voltage (I-V) measurement is one of the methods to estimate the photovoltaic properties of a-C film.