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The properties of single crystal turbine blades alloy mainly depend on the microstructure, which especially affect the creep rupture properties and fatigue properties at high temperatures [10-18].
All the changes of the γ′ sizes and the size dispersion degrees are correlated with the thermodynamic and kinetic factors of γ′ forming.
Nickel-based superalloys for advanced turbine engines: chemistry, microstructure and properties.
Rotary bending high cycle fatigue properties of DD9 single crystal superalloy at 800°C.
Effect of etching on fatigue properties of DD6 single crystal superalloy.

Lifetime of hot-work tool steels is often limited by the development of crack nets as a consequence of thermal or mechanical fatigue loading.
Thermal fatigue loading is one of the most important factor related to the lifetime and damage of tools for extrusion, die-casting and injection moulding as well as for many other hot working tools [1-3].
The mechanical properties at room temperature were: Rp0.2 = 1153MPa, UTS = 1384MPa.
A very important indicator to assess the consequences of thermo-mechanical fatigue processes at total strain controlled experiments is the resulting plastic strain amplitude.
Lacki: A Study of Thermo-mechanical Load of the Forging Dies.

Murata 1, a 1 The University of Electro-Communications, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan a moroi@mt.mce.uec.ac.jp Keywords: New extrusion method, Finite element method, Joining, Guide position, Tube wall thickness Abstract.
Guide position h, which is the distance from the guide top to die surface, is one of important factor for the control of metal flow.
Billet and sheet are elasto-plastic material and they obey Von Mises yield criterion, which was defined by the mechanical properties of 1100 Aluminum at 370 degree Celsius.
The mechanical properties are the same as the 3-dimensional analyses.
In above mention, it was clarified that metal flow is affected by the tube wall thickness more than the guide position.

- Description of the porous medium structure and evolution : While many studies consider geometries as simple as a single pore [25,30], Ofori & Sotirchos [31] discuss extensively the influence of the structural model, i.e. the evolution laws for surface area �v, and tortuosity factors with respect to diffusion, Knudsen diffusion and viscous flow.
It has been shown that the total infiltration time is affected by the flow rate and that the density field evolution is affected by both flow rate and reactor diameter.
One has to provide accurate laws for these geometrical and transport-related properties as functions of infiltration progress, or of porosity, in complex fibre arrangements.
During many years the focus has been set on the properties of ideal media, like random beds of cylinders, either fully overlapping or partially overlapping, or of capillaries.
The methods were principally aimed at a separate evaluation of all geometrical and transport properties.

The inlet’s geometry is always the core factor that directly affects hydrodynamics and separation efficiency of the cyclone separation types.
Although they have potential applications, the complex phenomenon affecting the separating efficiency have not been studied completely in the past [3, 6-8].
Movafaghian et al [13] researched the effects of geometry, fluid properties and pressure on the hydrodynamics of GLCC with one and two inlets.
This will affect the performance of the separator.
Movafaghian et al, The effects of geometry, fluid properties and pressure on the hydrodynamics of gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone separators, International Journal of Multiphase Flow 26 (2000) 999-1018

The quality of forming simulation in relation to the prediction of strains depends essentially on six key factors.
Therefore it is absolutely necessary to examine isolated parameters without interferences with other factors.
The forming of the sample is therefore not affected by the friction.
Therefore buckling-bending-tests were performed and mechanical properties were determined in tensile tests.
The material properties gained by tensile test procedure only provide an insufficient description of the material behaviour in terms of bending operations.

Transformation of Properties b.
To utilize harmful factors – especially environmental – to obtain a positive effect.
To replace an expensive object with a cheap one, compromising other properties (i.e., longevity).
Transformation of Properties A.
Inversion of expedient. 3.13 To divide a subsystem into two parts: “volumetric” and “non-volumetric”; to take out the first part from the boundaries limiting the volume. 3.14 To take out subsystems that can be affected by harmful factors, far from the zone of their action. 3.15 To transfer the system or its subsystems to other environment where the harmful factors are absent or at least inactive. 3.16 To withdraw from traditional spatial restriction or overall dimensions. 4.1 To transfer a process to other operation time.

Applying high temperatures, such as 250 °C for 45 min, or high concentrations of acids and bases are efficient methods to remove LPS, but such treatments may also affect the properties of NPs.
In addition to the lack of regulation, some other factors impact the effective translation of polymeric nano- and microparticles into the clinic.
Liao, Polycaprolactone-Based Green Renewable Ecocomposites Made from Rice Straw Fiber: Characterization and Assessment of Mechanical and Thermal Properties, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51 (2012) 3329-37
Farokhzad, Factors Affecting the Clearance and Biodistribution of Polymeric Nanoparticles, Molecular Pharmaceutics 5 (2008) 505-15
McNeil, Immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials, Nature Nanotechnology 2 (2007) 469-78

D grade AISI D2 tool steel is mostly used as base material due to its immensely high wear resistance and also extremely high corrosion resistance properties in die and mold manufacturing industries [1].
Four factors and five levels table is shown in table 1.
The regression equation in the terms of the actual factor for the MRR as a function of four input machining parameters has been developed using experimental data and is given underneath.
Final Equation of MRR in Terms of Coded Factors during end milling of D2 tool steel: MRR =+1.41 + 0.046 *IM1+ 0.87*IM2 + 0.82* IM3 + 0.66*IM4 + 1.000E-002* IM1* IM2 + 7.500E-003 * IM1*IM3 - 2.500E-003*IM1*IM4 + 0.50* IM2*IM3 + 0.40*IM2*IM4 + 0.40*IM3* IM4 -------------------------- (1) Final Equation of MRR in Terms of Actual Factors during end milling of D2 tool steel: MRR = +1.35439 + 4.20000E-004* CS - 3.23556E-003* FEED - 2.65444* DOC - 0.23681* WOC + 7.11111E-007*CS* FEED + 4.44444E-004*CS* DOC - 1.66667E-005*CS* WOC + 5.86667E-003 *FEED * DOC + 5.33333E-004* FEED * WOC + 0.44722* DOC* WOC ------------------ (2) Results and Discussion In this experimental work, AISI D2 tool steel has been taken as a workpiece.
[6] Ravikumar D Patel, Sanket N Bhavsar, Optimization of Machining Parameters to Minimize Surface Roughness During End Milling of AISI D2 Tool Steel Using Genetic Algorithm, Proceedings of ICAMME 2019, Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (LNME), January 2020, Pages 231-238 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1307-7_25 [7] Vinayak Neelakanth Gaitonde SRK, Maciel CHA, Rubio JCC, Abrão AM.

The results reveal that the impeller design and the design parameters (diameter and length) affect the hydraulic performance and hemolysis of the axial pump obviously.
The distribution law of circular rector correction is expressed as: (1) where vu is the component rotating velocity, vu2' is the component velocity of rotating assumed vu2R is const, and ξ is the correction factor between 0.9 and 1.1.
The result shows that with the increasing of the diameter and length of impellers, the characteristic curves of blood pump will up and the blood pump hydraulic properties improves, which will be easier to satisfy the special requirements of blood dynamics.
Mechanical Assist Devices as Bridging Systems to Transplantation: A Current Review, Possible Risks, and Perspectives.