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Online since: October 2011
Authors: Qing Gui Zeng, Fei Luo, Zhi Bin Zhang, Ri Ming Yan, Du Zhu
In vitro nitrogen-fixing activity In vitro nitrogen fixation of T21 was measured by acetylene reduction assay as described by Elbeltagy et al. [21].
A phylogenetic analysis was performed using the software package MEGA, version 3.1 [25], after multiple alignment of the data using CLUSTAL_X [26].
In fact, strain T21 showed nitrogen-fixing activity in N-free culture medium, with an acetylene reduction activity of 16.95µmol C2H4 ml-1 measured by acetylene reduction assay method.
Table 1 The physiological characteristics of T21 Characteristics Result Characteristics Result Sugar utilization Gelatin liquefaction - D-glucose + Phenylalanine deaminase - D-fructose + H2S production - Sucrose + V-P test + Mannitolum + Catalase test + Maltose + Urease test - Citrate utilization test + Nitrate reduction + Malonate utilization test - Salt Resistance - Starch hydrolysis - M.R.test + Based on the morphology, cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic tree, strain T21 was identified as Pantoea agglomerans T21.
A phylogenetic analysis was performed using the software package MEGA, version 3.1 [25], after multiple alignment of the data using CLUSTAL_X [26].
In fact, strain T21 showed nitrogen-fixing activity in N-free culture medium, with an acetylene reduction activity of 16.95µmol C2H4 ml-1 measured by acetylene reduction assay method.
Table 1 The physiological characteristics of T21 Characteristics Result Characteristics Result Sugar utilization Gelatin liquefaction - D-glucose + Phenylalanine deaminase - D-fructose + H2S production - Sucrose + V-P test + Mannitolum + Catalase test + Maltose + Urease test - Citrate utilization test + Nitrate reduction + Malonate utilization test - Salt Resistance - Starch hydrolysis - M.R.test + Based on the morphology, cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic tree, strain T21 was identified as Pantoea agglomerans T21.
Online since: September 2012
Authors: Zeundjua Tjiparuro, Shadreck Mumbiana Situmbeko
In such places and as accurately observed by Hanifan [2], ‘the data on your tube [computer] goes nowhere, it is the paper drawing that will …’ be used to get quotations both for fabrication and parts procurement, inspection of parts, or packaging of the fully assembled product.
Table 1 Drawing Library Management System classes Agricultural Equipment 100 – 199 Tillage Implement 100 - 129 Harvest and Post-Harvest Implements 130 - 159 Livestock (farming) 160 - 179 Others 180- 199 Building and Construction 200 – 299 Building 200 - 239 Construction 240 - 269 Others 270 - 299 Energy and Power 300 – 399 Renewable Energies 300 - 339 Power (generating) Equipment 340 - 359 Electrical Equipment 360 – 379 Electronic Equipment 380 - 389 Others 390 - 399 Environment Technologies 400 – 499 Recycling Technologies 400 - 419 Reduced Pollution Technologies 420 - 439 Waste Treatment Technologies 440 -459 Waste Disposal Technologies 460 - 479 Others 480 - 499 Food Processing 500 – 599 Preservation (drying, refrigerating, packaging and storage) 500 - 519 Size Reduction/milling, grinding 520 - 539 Fluid
Renewable Energies 300-339 TJ807-830 Power (-generating) Equipment 340-359 TK2896-2985 Electrical Equipment 360-379 621.3 TK4001-4102 TK4125-4399 TK4601-4661 Electronic Equipment 380-389 TK7800-8360 Environment Technologies 400-499 628 TD511-780 TD783-812.5 TD813-870 Recycling Technologies 400-419 Reduced Pollution Technologies 420-439 Waste Treatment Technologies 440-459 Waste Disposal Technologies 460-479 Food Processing 500-599 664.8-664.9 TP368-456 Preservation (drying, refrigerating, packaging and storage) 500-519 Size Reduction/milling, grinding 520-539 664.6-664.7 Fluid [oil, juice] Extraction 540-559 641 Food Preparation (cooking, baking) 560-579 Medical Equipment 600-649 Not Covered Transport 650-699 TA1001-1280 Water Treatment and Supply 700-799 629?
Significant reduction of errors due to unintended use of drawings was realised.
Agricultural Equipment Tillage Implement Harvest and Post-Harvest Implements Livestock (farming) Others Building and Construction Building Construction Others Energy and Power Renewable Energies Power (generating) Equipment Electrical Equipment Electronic Equipment Others Environment Technologies Recycling Technologies Reduced Pollution Technologies Waste Treatment Technologies Waste Disposal Technologies Others Food Processing Preservation (drying, refrigerating, packaging and storage) Size Reduction/milling, grinding Fluid [oil, juice] Extraction Food Preparation (cooking, baking) Others Medical Equipment Transport Water Treatment and Supply Water Treatment Water Supply Others General Engineering Equipment External Requests (Non-RIPCO(B) Technologies) References [1] T.
Table 1 Drawing Library Management System classes Agricultural Equipment 100 – 199 Tillage Implement 100 - 129 Harvest and Post-Harvest Implements 130 - 159 Livestock (farming) 160 - 179 Others 180- 199 Building and Construction 200 – 299 Building 200 - 239 Construction 240 - 269 Others 270 - 299 Energy and Power 300 – 399 Renewable Energies 300 - 339 Power (generating) Equipment 340 - 359 Electrical Equipment 360 – 379 Electronic Equipment 380 - 389 Others 390 - 399 Environment Technologies 400 – 499 Recycling Technologies 400 - 419 Reduced Pollution Technologies 420 - 439 Waste Treatment Technologies 440 -459 Waste Disposal Technologies 460 - 479 Others 480 - 499 Food Processing 500 – 599 Preservation (drying, refrigerating, packaging and storage) 500 - 519 Size Reduction/milling, grinding 520 - 539 Fluid
Renewable Energies 300-339 TJ807-830 Power (-generating) Equipment 340-359 TK2896-2985 Electrical Equipment 360-379 621.3 TK4001-4102 TK4125-4399 TK4601-4661 Electronic Equipment 380-389 TK7800-8360 Environment Technologies 400-499 628 TD511-780 TD783-812.5 TD813-870 Recycling Technologies 400-419 Reduced Pollution Technologies 420-439 Waste Treatment Technologies 440-459 Waste Disposal Technologies 460-479 Food Processing 500-599 664.8-664.9 TP368-456 Preservation (drying, refrigerating, packaging and storage) 500-519 Size Reduction/milling, grinding 520-539 664.6-664.7 Fluid [oil, juice] Extraction 540-559 641 Food Preparation (cooking, baking) 560-579 Medical Equipment 600-649 Not Covered Transport 650-699 TA1001-1280 Water Treatment and Supply 700-799 629?
Significant reduction of errors due to unintended use of drawings was realised.
Agricultural Equipment Tillage Implement Harvest and Post-Harvest Implements Livestock (farming) Others Building and Construction Building Construction Others Energy and Power Renewable Energies Power (generating) Equipment Electrical Equipment Electronic Equipment Others Environment Technologies Recycling Technologies Reduced Pollution Technologies Waste Treatment Technologies Waste Disposal Technologies Others Food Processing Preservation (drying, refrigerating, packaging and storage) Size Reduction/milling, grinding Fluid [oil, juice] Extraction Food Preparation (cooking, baking) Others Medical Equipment Transport Water Treatment and Supply Water Treatment Water Supply Others General Engineering Equipment External Requests (Non-RIPCO(B) Technologies) References [1] T.
Online since: July 2007
Authors: Paul van Houtte, Albert Van Bael, Marc Seefeldt
The top and bottom grains of the pair
both enjoy relaxations (i.e. deviations from homogeneous strain which allow a reduction of slip
activity) of the type l13 and l23, but in a coupled way: the relaxation of the top grain is opposite to
that of the bottom grain.
It is seen that for cold rolling of AA1200 (commercially pure aluminium) the results for FC are not so bad up to 63 % thickness reduction, but for higher reductions, the models that take the stress interactions between neighbouring grains into account (CPFEM, LAMEL, GIA, ALAMEL) clearly lead to the best results.
Table 1: Normalised texture index of difference ODFs for AA1200 (ratio between texture index of difference ODF to texture index of experimental texture) Reduction 40% 63% 86% 95% 98% FC 0.208 0.584 0.636 0.272 0.388 CPFEM 0.162 0.376 0.359 0.215 0.273 VPSC 0.429 0.824 0.501 0.409 0.465 GIA 0.208 0.355 0.257 0.190 0.253 LAMEL 0.344 0.653 0.346 0.183 0.196 ALAMEL 0.189 0.433 0.306 0.156 0.171 Iexper 2.59 2.45 4.51 6.87 9.23 FC= FC Taylor theory; CPFEM Kalidindi et al. [6]); VPSC: Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent Model (Lebensohn et al.[4]); GIA: Grain Interaction Model (Crumbach et al. [17]); Iexper : texture index of experimental texture.
The microscopic model uses these data to simulate the development of individual features of the dislocation substructures, such as dislocation sheets.
It is seen that for cold rolling of AA1200 (commercially pure aluminium) the results for FC are not so bad up to 63 % thickness reduction, but for higher reductions, the models that take the stress interactions between neighbouring grains into account (CPFEM, LAMEL, GIA, ALAMEL) clearly lead to the best results.
Table 1: Normalised texture index of difference ODFs for AA1200 (ratio between texture index of difference ODF to texture index of experimental texture) Reduction 40% 63% 86% 95% 98% FC 0.208 0.584 0.636 0.272 0.388 CPFEM 0.162 0.376 0.359 0.215 0.273 VPSC 0.429 0.824 0.501 0.409 0.465 GIA 0.208 0.355 0.257 0.190 0.253 LAMEL 0.344 0.653 0.346 0.183 0.196 ALAMEL 0.189 0.433 0.306 0.156 0.171 Iexper 2.59 2.45 4.51 6.87 9.23 FC= FC Taylor theory; CPFEM Kalidindi et al. [6]); VPSC: Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent Model (Lebensohn et al.[4]); GIA: Grain Interaction Model (Crumbach et al. [17]); Iexper : texture index of experimental texture.
The microscopic model uses these data to simulate the development of individual features of the dislocation substructures, such as dislocation sheets.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: R. Premalatha, P. Murugesan
Fuzzification is a process to transform the non-fuzzy values like crisp data from the physical measurement into a fuzzy linguistic range, i.e.
The reduction in spacing is due to the reduction of ripple current.
The reduction in spacing is due to the reduction of ripple current.
The reduction in spacing is due to the reduction of ripple current.
The reduction in spacing is due to the reduction of ripple current.
Online since: September 2021
Authors: Idawati Ismail, Sharon Robert, Nur Amalina Shairah Abdul Samat, Raudhah Ahmadi
However, lack in durability data requires more study should be conducted especially focusing on microstructural behavior.
The reduction in band intensity is due to the addition of NaOH as well as the increase in the amount of tetrahedrally-positioned Al atoms in the geopolymer matrix [13, 14].
The wavelength which is shifted to lower wavelength can be explained by the reduction in intensity that will eventually decreases the length of chain of Si-O-T.
Shifted wavelengths to lower wavenumbers can be explained by the reduction in intensity that eventually decreases the length of Si-O-T chain, and thus stops aluminosilicate gel formation.
These causes are accountable for the compressive strength reduction obtained in normal cementitious materials.
The reduction in band intensity is due to the addition of NaOH as well as the increase in the amount of tetrahedrally-positioned Al atoms in the geopolymer matrix [13, 14].
The wavelength which is shifted to lower wavelength can be explained by the reduction in intensity that will eventually decreases the length of chain of Si-O-T.
Shifted wavelengths to lower wavenumbers can be explained by the reduction in intensity that eventually decreases the length of Si-O-T chain, and thus stops aluminosilicate gel formation.
These causes are accountable for the compressive strength reduction obtained in normal cementitious materials.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: M. Mizuno, T. Sawa, S. Tsukamoto, T. Iyama, H. Okawai, N. Yoshihara, H. Kato, K. Kudo, Y. Sato, T. Murase, K. Karita, Naohiro Nishikawa
Introduction
Traditional Machining
Separator
Surface active agent
Anti-rust agent
E.P.aditive(Cl, P, S)
Reclamation
Machining with Water
(Electric Rust Preventive Machining Method)
Waste fluid
Ash
Coagulative Precipiation
Sluge
Oil
Release
Incineration
Dilution
Water Refine Recycle System
Washing
Compensation
Tap Water
*High Cost Fluid(oil)
*Dangerous for Worker’s Health
CO2
Huge Disposal Cost
*Low Cost & Harmless(Water)
*Low Operation Cost
Heavy Environmental Load
*Need Remove Oil from Workpiece for Next Process
*Waste fluid is only water
*CO2 reduction
*Total cost reduction
*Human & Eco Friendly
Fig.1 Comparison with traditional machining and electric rust priventive machining
Recently, environmental issue is concerned in manufacture.
Therefore, machining fluid reduction or non-use have been tried [4].
In this paper, particularly, expounds feasibility of water using and re-using for reduction of impurities and deionization with utilizing the water machining system anywhere in world.
Yamanaka: Cutting fluid and Grinding fluid (Saiwaishobo Co.Ltd., Japan 1982), p.244-264 [3] TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry: Material Processing Data File Text Vol:15 (Grinding) (TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry, Japan 2002), p.32-33 [4] N.
Therefore, machining fluid reduction or non-use have been tried [4].
In this paper, particularly, expounds feasibility of water using and re-using for reduction of impurities and deionization with utilizing the water machining system anywhere in world.
Yamanaka: Cutting fluid and Grinding fluid (Saiwaishobo Co.Ltd., Japan 1982), p.244-264 [3] TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry: Material Processing Data File Text Vol:15 (Grinding) (TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry, Japan 2002), p.32-33 [4] N.
Online since: May 2006
Authors: J.E. Frąckowiak, J. Maszybrocka, Jerzy Cybo, K. Krzemień
The data quoted in Fig. 6a also show synergist effect of these
two factors.
UHMWPE BZ A B C 1 A1 B1 C1 2 A2 B2 C2 b vV 1.000 1.032 1.046 1.087 0.910 0.943 0.958 0.995 0.899 0.909 0.933 0.952 a vV 1.000 1.042 1.047 1.062 0.873 0.887 0.916 0.932 0.817 0.816 0.843 0.846 bI 1.000 1.027 1.033 1.072 0.907 0.950 0.975 0.987 0.912 0.941 0.955 0.964 aI 1.000 1.051 1.063 1.089 0.915 0.928 0.979 1.005 0.870 0.891 0.941 0.953 bR 1.000 1.002 1.004 1.004 1.001 0.997 1.000 1.003 0.995 0.988 0.992 0.996 aR 1.000 0.997 0.995 0.992 0.985 0.985 0.978 0.975 0.979 0.971 0.964 0.961 Since as a result of the tribological process, a reduction of the VV parameter occurs as well as an increase in I, the consequence of these changes should be a reduction of size R of the free volume centers.
The advantageous changes of free volume centers that occur during the tribological process (reduction of VV and R, Fig. 6) are conducive to a large increase of the degree of spatial arrangement (Fig. 7).
The improvement of properties throughout the volume of the above-mentioned polymer variants is due to effective reduction of the global fraction and size of free volume centers in result of splitting of the centers and their closure induced by mutual approaching of structural elements under the conditions of friction.
UHMWPE BZ A B C 1 A1 B1 C1 2 A2 B2 C2 b vV 1.000 1.032 1.046 1.087 0.910 0.943 0.958 0.995 0.899 0.909 0.933 0.952 a vV 1.000 1.042 1.047 1.062 0.873 0.887 0.916 0.932 0.817 0.816 0.843 0.846 bI 1.000 1.027 1.033 1.072 0.907 0.950 0.975 0.987 0.912 0.941 0.955 0.964 aI 1.000 1.051 1.063 1.089 0.915 0.928 0.979 1.005 0.870 0.891 0.941 0.953 bR 1.000 1.002 1.004 1.004 1.001 0.997 1.000 1.003 0.995 0.988 0.992 0.996 aR 1.000 0.997 0.995 0.992 0.985 0.985 0.978 0.975 0.979 0.971 0.964 0.961 Since as a result of the tribological process, a reduction of the VV parameter occurs as well as an increase in I, the consequence of these changes should be a reduction of size R of the free volume centers.
The advantageous changes of free volume centers that occur during the tribological process (reduction of VV and R, Fig. 6) are conducive to a large increase of the degree of spatial arrangement (Fig. 7).
The improvement of properties throughout the volume of the above-mentioned polymer variants is due to effective reduction of the global fraction and size of free volume centers in result of splitting of the centers and their closure induced by mutual approaching of structural elements under the conditions of friction.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Reimund Neugebauer, Gerhard Schmidt, Carsten Hochmuth, Martin Dix
Substitution of the experimental test by Finite Element FE simulations, achieves both a reduction in the time and cost involved and permits design planning.
Fig. 3: Influence of the tool and cutting parameter on the specific cutting force kc It is clear that there is a reduction in the specific cutting force with increasing cutting depth and at higher cutting angles.
Turning off the pumps for the coolant equipment results in a reduction of 1.5 kW in the machine power required.
However this is accompanied by a drastic reduction in tool life.
The machine data must be included in the overall balance for the process.
Fig. 3: Influence of the tool and cutting parameter on the specific cutting force kc It is clear that there is a reduction in the specific cutting force with increasing cutting depth and at higher cutting angles.
Turning off the pumps for the coolant equipment results in a reduction of 1.5 kW in the machine power required.
However this is accompanied by a drastic reduction in tool life.
The machine data must be included in the overall balance for the process.
Online since: December 2024
Authors: Vu Viet Linh Nguyen, Dinh Hung Le, Minh Khanh Hao Phung, Thanh Trung Nguyen
A slight reduction in weight of around 7 wt % was observed from 25 to 150 °C, which can be explained due to the moisture elimination of the raw RH and RH film [24–26].
As shown in Fig. 4b, the DTG curve exhibits a sharp peak starting at 215 oC and reaching its maximum at 350 oC due to the significant weight reduction of hemicellulose and cellulose.
Fig.5 illustrates a reduction in moisture content and water absorption of WH film as the processing time increases from 4 to 24 mins.
This reduction was attributed to the gradual release of lignin from the WH fibers under pressing pressure and heat.
Author contributions: Dinh Hung Le: Conceptualisation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Editing; Thanh Trung Nguyen: Methodology, Formal analysis; Minh Khanh Hao Phung: Data analysis, Writing; Vu Viet Linh Nguyen: Idea, Supervise, Reviewing, Editing.
As shown in Fig. 4b, the DTG curve exhibits a sharp peak starting at 215 oC and reaching its maximum at 350 oC due to the significant weight reduction of hemicellulose and cellulose.
Fig.5 illustrates a reduction in moisture content and water absorption of WH film as the processing time increases from 4 to 24 mins.
This reduction was attributed to the gradual release of lignin from the WH fibers under pressing pressure and heat.
Author contributions: Dinh Hung Le: Conceptualisation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Editing; Thanh Trung Nguyen: Methodology, Formal analysis; Minh Khanh Hao Phung: Data analysis, Writing; Vu Viet Linh Nguyen: Idea, Supervise, Reviewing, Editing.
Online since: July 2022
Authors: Rosa Maria Vasconcelos, Emilia Araújo, Nélia Lima
The textile industry has developed throughout the 21st century highly sustained by the accuracy of time control, reduction of waiting times and intensification of working time regimes.
Method The data uses in this paper arises from face-to-face semi-structured interviews with human resource managers and owners of 20 companies from the northern region of Portugal (V.N. de Famalicão) of different sectors of activity, including textile.
In fact, collected data indicate that companies experience a strong sense of acceleration and need for urgency fostered by market faster rhythms of change.
Despite its limitation, data allows to advocate that education institutions, principally higher education entities, need to work more on competencies and skills that prepare graduates to understand and react to companies’ time regimes.
Method The data uses in this paper arises from face-to-face semi-structured interviews with human resource managers and owners of 20 companies from the northern region of Portugal (V.N. de Famalicão) of different sectors of activity, including textile.
In fact, collected data indicate that companies experience a strong sense of acceleration and need for urgency fostered by market faster rhythms of change.
Despite its limitation, data allows to advocate that education institutions, principally higher education entities, need to work more on competencies and skills that prepare graduates to understand and react to companies’ time regimes.