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For pretreatment process, the silicon substrate was scratched with a diamond powder of 1µm grain size in alcohol by ultrasonic cleaning machine.
The quadratic model of Y can be written as following, ∑ ∑∑∑ = − = < = = + ++= k i iii j k i iij k ji j k i ii XbXXb XbbY 1 2 1 1 2 1 0 (1) where Y is the desired response (experimental results), b0 is constant, k is the number of independent variables (four in this paper: substrate temperature (T), microwave power (W), pressure (P) and H2 concentration (H)), bi, bii and bij represent the coefficients of linear, quadratic and cross product terms, respectively.

The morphology of the isolated products depends on the nature of the initial Ce-salt, the type of the ligand as well as on the temperature of the synthesis.The tartrate consists of very little highly aggregated grains.
The isolated complex is of mixed-metal nature, definitely proven by comparison of its characteristics (number of ligands, their average charge, the degree of ligand's esterification, etc.) with those of the individual Ti(IV)- and Ce(IV)-complexes synthesized at exactly the same conditions.

This study considers the grain primary silicon morphology changing process and eutectic modification process with electromagnetic vibration.
It has been well documented that the transformation of unmodified flakes to modified fibrous structures arises from a very different type of growth of the Si phase and this difference appears to lie in the number of twins found in unmodified and modified Si.

There are a number of video editing softwares at present, e.g.
For example, in experiment atmospheric distillation, 2 to 3 grain of zeolite must be but into the distilling flask beforehand in order to provide "vaporization center" for boiling of the liquid and prevent the occurrence of "sudden boiling"[3].

Because preparation of sorbent is the foundational part of the test and key technology for evaluating and investigating desulfurization sorbent properties, there are a number of sorbent manufacturing techniques, including spry drying, impregnation, crushing and screening, and granulation[10].
Using different theoretical models, such as those of the grain model with variable properties, to fit the kinetic results obtained in thermobalance, it was shown that the sulfidation rate of Zinc ferrites was controlled by gas diffusion across the sulfide layer just formed and by the intrinsic reactivity of the sorbent[11].

Two micropillars were prepared from different crystal grains to possess different loading axis orientations shown in Fig. 3, which were measured by electron backscatter Figure 2.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers 24246113 and 25709066, and the Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials (ESISM) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, and in part by Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).

The spin-coating process was performed number of times to obtain films of varying thickness.
Fig. 3(a) shows a crack free and dense grains surface morphology.

Crop C uptake, Growing season TDD, Photosynthesis, Grain C, Leaf C, Stem C, Root C Trace gases Daily emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, N2 and NH3 2.2 Site description and field measurements This study carries out at the Ecological Experimental Station of Fuping County (34°48′00.4″N 109°22′46.3″E), Shannxi Province in China.
Six soil collars (inner diameter 20.3 cm) are randomly deployed permanently within the radius of 15 m in the stand to increase the number of samples and reduce the spatial heterogeneity variance of soil respiration.

The formula used to correct as follow: (1) yg is the yield factor of arable land; yc is the yield factor that Wackengael used in the calculation of China's ecological footprint; k is the main crop species cultivated on arable land (k=1, 2, 3…n); Dsk, Dqk respectively represents the research area of the number k and the national average unit-yield level; Sj is the area sown to the k’s crop in the study area; Sg is the total area of arable land in the study area.
Statistically, grain consumption per capita presents degenerative trend annually.

Thermal annealing treatments including conventional thermal annealing (CTA) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) are frequently used in the filed of semiconductor manufacturing to improve the properties by releasing the stresses and recrystallizing the grains of thin films.
To quantitatively analyze the stoichiometrics of the ZnO thin film, the atomic ratio of Zn/O calculated using the XPS peak areas of the different elements is expressed as follow [10],     11 1 2 2 2 ( ) / ( ) () ( ) ( ) / ( ) A E S E nE n E A E S E  (1) where n is the atomic number of the elemental atom, E is the element, A is the peak area and S is the elemental sensitivity factor.