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Tugcu, the value of stress and strain by onset of the wrinkling depends not only on the mechanical properties of the used material, but also on the geometry of the specimen [5].
The mathematical definition of plastic deformations can be expressed as follows: εij=ϑsij (6) Where a relationship between strain rate εij, proportionality factor ϑ and the stress deviator sij is constructed.
As an example, the minor strain rate under plane stress condition is: ε2=ϑs2=ϑ(σ2-σm) (7) The proportionality factor ϑ in Levy-Mises´s flow law can be calculated, where equation (6) and the flow law of Mises are combined, kf is the flow stress.
Next, it will be explained how the strain rate fall affects the stresses.
Simulations of the tensile tests for the mentioned specimens were performed using software LS-DYNA in order to evaluate the related properties, such as the stress and strain distribution over time [11].

Wooden Buildings by the Fire Damaged of Toxic Gases on Personnel Evacuation Influences Cherng-Shing Lin1, Chia-Chun Yu2,*, Te-Chi Chen3, Shih-Cheng Wang4 and Liang-Yi Shen5 1~5Department of Mechanical Engineering Yuan Ze University, Taiwan 32003, R.O.C email: jjy5418@gmail.com Keywords: Grass Mountain Chateau, Wooden Construction, Smoke.
Introduction There are many case studies of different kinds of fires, which explore and analyze the fire dynamics, temperature variation, and smoke hazards factor.
Table 1 Comparative of concrete and wood materials [1-2] Properties Concrete (general) Red cypress Specific weight 2.3 0.40 Tensile Strength 5~20 720 Compressive strength 150~250 470 Flash point(°C) N/A 253 Ignition point(°C) N/A 446 Fire Phenomena and Material Properties Fire Phenomena.
The speed of how fast oxygen concentration gets consumed at its limit is affected by the amount of combustibles, burning speed, the volume of burning areas, and gas permeation.
Visibility is an influence factor whether evacuees can escape the burning building, and firefighters can find and extinguish the fire or not.

The BN signal is obviously affected by the number of pinning sites and is shown to be highly sensitive to many material properties such as microstructure, residual stress and hardness. [1] A typical BN signal is shown in Fig. 1.
However, it should be noticed that the prediction of material properties is case-dependent and the other features may be more significant with other materials.
The improvement in the prediction accuracy when compared to the studies in [11] is assumed to be due to changes in material properties.
It has been shown to be sensitive to many material properties such as residuals stress.
Wright, Convergence properties of the Nelder-Mead simplex method in low dimensions, SIAM J.

Therefore, it is necessary both the selection of suitable parameters in the welding, that maintain a balance between the properties of mechanical resistance and tenacity, as well as obtaining indications as to the susceptibility to embrittlement by hydrogen, reducing the risk of the occurrence of this phenomenon in the materials for transport of Oil and Gas.
Traction tests were performed on each welded EPS and MB, adopting a constant displacement velocity of 0.5 mm/min, to identify fracture morphology. and the mechanical properties are shown in Table 5.
The properties indicate a small decrease in the elongation of the specimen in relation to EPS 1 and an increase in the flow limit, compared to EPS 2 and MB, with fractures occurring in the region of the base metal.
Table 5 – Mechanical properties obtained in the tensile tests according to EPS 1, 2 and MB.
This increased resistance in EPS 1 can be considered a susceptibility factor to hydrogen embrittlement.

There is a need to understand better how the bainitic microstructure develops during transformation, in particular, the factors controlling the bainite morphology, the carbon partitioning between austenite and ferrite, carbon supersaturation of ferrite, nucleation conditions and the formation of the second phases.
Finally, the hot rolling and cooling practices has a big influence on these factors, bainitic transformation from deformed austenite is not well understood.
Zajac: 32nd Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, Cincinnati, OH, 1990, Warrendale, PA, ISS-AIME (1991), p. 441
Zajac: 43rd Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference; Charlotte, NC; USA; 2831 Oct. (2001), p. 497
Zajac et al: Quantitative structure-property relationships for complex bainitic steels ECSC247.

Research on Over-ground Electromagnetic Inspection Technique for Buried Pipelines Shuanghao Lu1, a, Zandong Han1,b, Weibin Wang2,c and Zhanjun Feng 2,d 1Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China 2Petrochina Pipeline R&D Center, Langfang, 065000, China alush06@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn, bhanzd@tsinghua.edu.cn, cwangweibin@petrochina.com.cn, dkjfengzj@petrochina.com.cn Keywords: Over-ground inspection, Low frequency AC magnetic field, Weak magnetic field detection, Defect recognition Abstract.
Compared with the analog multiplier, the AD630 is not affected by the amplitude of reference signals, and the dynamic range is much more extended.
Considering both factors, a cut-off frequency of 0.48Hz is chosen to balance detection speed and detection accuracy in this paper.
The detection of a pipeline The properties of two defects inspected in the experiments are listed in Table 1.
The properties of defects Defect number Profile of defects Length[mm] Depth[mm] Width[mm] Defect 1# 7.12 1.60 8.10 Defect 2# 4.76 2.20 14.36 To evaluate the distortions of defects, the magnetic inductions that measured are normalized.

Introduction Using fly ash partially replace ordinary Portland cement in concrete can not only lower the concrete economic cost, but also improve lots of working properties and durability behaviors, such as concrete impermeability, freeze-thaw resistance, steel bar corrosion resistance and alkali-aggregate resistance etc[1-5], but at the same time it also can reduce the concrete carbonation resistance[6-7].
Curing quality is the foundation of binder putting into effect, which not only determines concrete mechanical properties but also durability.
Curing temperature, curing humidity and curing time are three important factors influencing concrete curing.
In order to find out the reason of FA concrete carbonation resistance affected by initial curing conditions, FA-cement paste specimens were made, cured and placed according to the same conditions listed in Table 3, then the hydration degrees of FA were measured through “the selective dissolution method”[8].

EMD method based on local features adaptive signal decomposition, overcome the traditional method using meaningless harmonic component to represent the defects of nonstationary and nonlinear properties.
These additional noise signal mixed in the midst of vibration signal, affected the tower drum vibration signal processing and analysis of results.
Figure 4.1 The lateral vibration signal The actual situation is the combined effect of several factors, such as wind load, dynamic load, etc.
EMD method based on local features adaptive signal decomposition, overcome the traditional method using meaningless harmonic component to represent the defects of nonstationary and nonlinear properties.
[5] Jian Hong Yang,Jin Wu Xu,De Bin Yang,et al.Based on the mainstream shape recognition Nonlinear time series noise reduction method and its application in fault diagnosis [J].Chinese Journal Of Mechanical Engineering,2006,42(8):154-158.

Additive manufacturing (AM) has experimented a huge development in recent years, improving the physical properties of parts produced by these technologies to the level of being capable of fabricating end-use functional products.
High performance metals are widely used and studied; however, the reduction in material costs of polymers and their acceptable properties makes them suitable for common AM purposes.
However, as a consequence of the potential of AM technologies, they have been developed to the point of being now able to produce final and functional products with good mechanical, thermal and electrical properties.
On the other hand, AM process is a factor that influences the topography of the surface, even for AM parts made by the same material.
The main reason is that no post processing was needed for FDM parts; Polyjet parts were affected by remaining resin trapped between stairs, same effect happens in SLS with unfused powder.

Dezanneau, Properties of Y-doped BaSnO3 proton conductors, Solid State Ionics 214 (2012) 45-55. ].
Kageyama, Transport properties of Ba(Zr0.8Y0.2)O3 − δ perovskite, Solid State Ionics 178 (2007) 661-665. ].
Consequently, these materials are ideal for studies on how minor changes in the structure and/or the properties of the cations affect proton dissolution and transport.
Part II: Sintering properties and solubility of alkaline earth oxides, J.
Comparing the different properties of these two proton conductors is, accordingly, instructive.