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Its low thermal conductivity, strong work hardening tendency, and high chemical affinity for tool materials make it one of the most difficult-to-machine materials [1-3].
Advanced materials mean advanced engines.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, (1998)77(1-3): 278-284 [3] Houshang Kham sehzadeh.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, (1999)86: 1-16 [5] Altin A, Nalbant M, Taskesen.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology. (1998) 77:153–159 [11] He Ning.

Theoretical basic and experimental setup Lattice spacing in crystalline materials can be determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Fig. 2. shows the surface roughness after shot peening measured by a laser profilometer that was constructed at the Institute of Material Sciences, and the Fig.3. shows the average residual stress value.
Soady, KA Mellor, BG Shackleton, J Morris, A Reed, PAS, The effect of shot peening on notched low cycle fatigue, MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A 528(2011)8579-8588 [4.]
Chaoui, Characteristics of Rb40 steel superficial layer underball and roller burnishing, Journal of Materials Processing Techology vol 180, Issue: 1-3 pp 130-136, 2006 [6.]
A.D.Krawitz: Introduction to diffraction in materials science and engineering, John Wiley 2001, pp119-143,278-318 [9.]

But now, experimental method is usually applied to the simple case of determining the fracture toughness of materials KⅠC.
This word is support by fundamental research funds for the central universities (NO.N090303004) and province science and technology in the Liaoning offends pass item (NO. 2010220032).
Mechanical Engineering Science. 233, 769--777 (2009) [2] Murat Kisa, Arif Gurel, M.: Modal analysis of multi-cracked beams with circular cross section.
Journal of Sound and Vibration. 267, 933--954 (2003) [6] Tsai, T.C., Wang, Y.Z.: The vibration of a multi-crack rotor.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 39, 1037--1053 (1997) [7] Sekhar, A.S.: Model-based identification of two cracks in a rotor system.

Research on Finite Element Model of Wheel-Rail Contact Hai Zhang1,a ，Xiaoyi Hu2,b, Fengtao Lin1,c, Xinjian Zhou1,d 1Mechanical and Electrical school, East China JiaoTong University, Nanchang, 330013，China 2Railway Science & Technology Research & Development Center, China Academy of Railway Science，Beijing, 100081，China.
At this time, the grid element keeps fixed and material flow within the grid which effectively simulates the wheel-rail rolling contact.
Wheel model describes the spatial grid with Euleria method in order to achieve separation of grid movement and material movement; rail model describes the spatial grid with Lagrangian method in order to achieve together with the mesh and material movement.
Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 1881, 92:156-171
International Journal Fatigue, 2001, 23: 575~586

Polymer synthesis and performance testing (1)The preparation of the Polyamide-Amine(PAMAM) tree macromolecular polymer The synthesis of PAMAM: With ethylenediamine and acrylic acid methyl ester as raw materials by Michael addition reaction ,producing a four yuan ester, then with excessive ethylenediamine ammonolysis reaction, generate four amide compounds.
New Chemical Materials. 2012, 40(9), 27-30
Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2010, 28(1), 14-22
Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 2009, 25(8): 8-11
Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2007, 6:865-868.

With a great number of types and quantity, thermo-technical spare parts are essential materials for preventive and emergency maintenance of electric power stations’ main equipment.
They are materials to guarantee power plants’ continuous and safe operation.
Science and Technology Management Research.2007, （02）: 44-46
Research on Collaborative Management Strategy of Spare Parts based on E-Marketplaces [J], Advanced Materials Research, 2013, Volumes 694-697: 3412-3419
Science & Technology Progress and Policy. 2004(4): 95-96.

Materials and methods Materials.
The raw material, gum rosin, was of industrial grade.
European Polymer Journal, 2002, Vol.38, p.387-392
Chinese journal of chemical Engineering, 2008, Vol.16, p.517-527
Studies in interface science, 2001, Vol.13, p.1-97

Properties of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers with Different Molecular Structure: A Comparative Study Renhe Yang1,2,a*, Pengyu Zhang 1,b, Zhiyi Mao1,c, Dongmei Wang1,d, Qian Sun1,e, Yang Li 2,f Yue Gu1,g, Wanshen Wang1,h, Tingshu He3,i 1Tianjin Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Tianjin 300381, China 2State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing 100041, China 3College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi, China ayangrenhe@xauat.edu.cn, bzpy329@163.com,cmaozytj@163.com, dwdm2010@163.com, esyjky2008@126.com, f1135958226@qq.com,gguyue1800@163.com, hsiren221@163.com, ihetingshu@xauat.edu.cn Keywords: polycarboxylate superplasticizer, molecular structure, adsorption, hydration product, compressive strength Abstract.
Performance of concretes produced with superplasticizer, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 103 (2010) 3214-3219
Adsorbing behavior of polycarboxylate superplasticizer in the presence of ester group in side chain, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. (2017)
The Influence of Superplasticizers Based on Modified Acrylic Polymer and Polycarboxylate Ester on the Plasticizing Effect of Cement Paste, Materials Science Forum. (2017)
Effect of PCEs with different functional groups on the performance of cement Paste, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Materials. 34(2019)1163-1169

LiNbO3 single crystal is an excellent material for a variety of applications in non- linear optics, electro-optics and it is one of the key materials for optical based technologies because of its large second-order nonlinearities [4].
Salim, Annealing temperature effects on morphological and optical studies of nano and micro photonics lithium niobate using for optical waveguide applications, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 9 (2015) 128-133
Varelaa, LiNbO3 thin films prepared through polymeric precursor method, Materials Letters. 57 (2003) 2333 - 2339
Qiang, Preparation and characterization of LiNbO3 thin films derived from metal carboxylate gels, Key Engineering Materials. 336-338 (2007) 213-216
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 39 (1995) 367 - 375

Materials Cement paste from Portland cement CEM I 42.5R (Mokrá, Czech Republic) was prepared for the testing purposes.
Journal of Material Research 7, 1992, pp. 1564-1583
Ulm, The effect of two types of c-s-h on the elasticity of cement-based materials: results from nanoindentation and micromechanical modeling, Cement and Concrete Research 34, 2004, pp. 67-80
Vondřejc, Micromechanical analysis of heterogeneous structural materials, Cement & Concrete Composites 36, 2013, pp. 85-92
Soroushian, Mechanical properties of hydrated cement paste: development of structure-property relationships, Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 7, 2010, pp. 37-43