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This research aims to achieve in situ observation of the fatigue crack evolution process and to quantify the through-thickness crack tip opening behavior in an Al-Mg-Si alloy by using high resolution microtomography to investigate the factors influencing the crack growth rates.
In order to improve mechanical property and to break up coarse casting microstructure the as-cast alloy was hot rolled by multiple passes.
Researches on the interaction of two parallel surface cracks have indicated that when the two cracks are close to each other the interaction between cracks may affects the stress field as well as crack growth rate.
These researches also revealed that stress intensity factors reduce when sufficient overlapping produces between the two cracks [15, 16].
The calculated Mode I stress intensity factor range as a function of crack front position is shown in Fig. 5(b).

However, the investigation and potential application of HPT was rather limited by the size factor of the output specimens - their final dimensions typically did not exceed 10 mm in diameter and 0.1-0.3 mm in thickness.
Also, larger dimensions of HPT samples provide new possibilities to extend the number of investigation techniques to study their microstructure and properties and open new perspectives for their possible industrial applications (for example in medicine or precision engineering).
Third, the structure of the HPT samples is reported to be pretty uniform even after first few turns and there is no considerable structural differences capable to affect texture at the investigated points.
Since the C-orientation has the highest Taylor factor among all the 5 main ideal shear orientations, C-oriented grains suggestedly possess the highest dislocation density.
Such grains have to be consumed by low dislocation density grains ( A / A - the least Taylor factor) which are assumed to be easily converted to large dislocation-free nuclei of recrystallization [22].

Indeed, inadequate compaction, insufficient moist curing, cracks and other defects may impair the permeability of the concrete elements, which is widely regarded as the key factor for the durability of concrete exposed to seawater attack [4, 5].
Site Air-Permeability Testing The visual inspection left some doubts on the extent to which the defects found may affect the performance of the elements.
This test method was chosen, given its good correlation with water sorptivity and penetration of water under pressure (EN 12390-8) [6], relevant properties for the case under consideration.
The AccropodesTM II produced during the first and second month of production may not have sufficient mechanical strength nor durability to perform adequately.
[4] Mehta, P.K., Monteiro, P., “Concrete: Microstructure, Properties and Materials”, 1st Ed., 2001 [5] Richardson, M.G., “Fundamentals of Durable Reinforced Concrete”, Spon Press, 2002 [6] Torrent, R. and Ebensperger, L., "Measurement of the air permeability of concrete 'in situ': status quo", ICCRRR 2012, Cape Town, South Africa, 2-5 September 2012

The only shortcoming of calcium phosphate bioceramics is their poor mechanical properties that do not allow them to be used in load-bearing areas.
Dissolution Properties.
The difference in composition, crystal size and sintering temperature affects the dissolution properties of the calcium phosphates [16,17].
Osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties.
CaP materials offer the appropriate surface properties and composition making them ideal carriers for bioactive peptides, bone growth factors, and mesenchymal stem cells and can therefore be used in tissue engineering for regeneration of hard tissues.

Meanwhile, due to existence of the building, its weight and stiffness also affected the movement of soil and strata surrounding grouting.
Grouting-soil-building interaction should be analyzed taken many factors into account, such as the regional distribution of grout diffusion, deformation amount of strata and rock mass characteristics of the grouting region.
It is difficult to create stress and deformation equations of in theory depended on these factors on this problem.
The main factors effects on lateral deformation are the stiffness and thickness of preventing-grout wall.
The reason resulted in the difference is that the factors of grout diffusion range, the strata expansion deformation and the upper structure forms so on are difficult to accurately quantify due to the underground concealed of strata grouting.

Raman spectra of biomaterials and their stress dependence The interest in the effect of mechanical stress on Raman spectra of inorganic materials has been initially purely academic (see for example, Anastassakis and Burstein [1] and Anastassakis [2]).
(3) where now < � ij > represents the trace of the stress tensor and a is a numerical factor equal to 2 or 3 for equi-biaxial and hydrostatic stress states, respectively.
The knowledge of the piezo-spectroscopic coefficient, � , provides the foundation for micro/nanomechanics assessments of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials, whose outcome might improve understanding of bone properties/functions and indicate new strategies for improving both processing and biomechanical design.
Low-temperature aging degradation of both phase structure and mechanical properties is caused by the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation.
In linearly elastic materials (e.g., synthetic hydroxyapatite made by sintering process), this plot is linear with a slope directly representing the stress intensification factor at crack tip, KI0 [13].

The weakness of etching technique is due to its unrepeatability properties which leads to the less stable sensor.
The absorbance properties of gold nanoparticles were then investigated via UV-Vis analysis.
The main factor is due to the large signal attenuation because of the mismatch between incident light and the optical properties of FBG itself.
Malaysian Tualang Honey and Its Potential Anti-Cancer Properties: A Review.
Physicochemical Properties of Indian Honey at Different Concentrations and Temperatures.

Study on XML-Based Apriori Algorithm Applying to Remote Diagnosis System for Hoist Juanli Li a, Zhaojian Yang b 1College of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China alijuanli@tyut.edu.cn, byangzhaojian@tyut.edu.cn Keywords: XML; Data Mining; Apriori; Remote Diagnosis.
XML language is not only applicable to network but also can let information provider define the structure, properties and context of data according to the needs of the specific application.
It is import that directly affects the efficiency and accuracy of mining directly.
Steps are as follows: l Confirming the smallest support degree and confidence factor.

Creep of concrete can significantly affect the mechanical properties of the structure or component.
According to the internal forces balance theory, Load, humidity and temperature changes in any of a factor will destroy the internal forces balance of the cement paste, it will produce drying shrinkage and creep effect.

The remarkable properties of the strain injection techniques in terms of mesh independence and low computational cost have motivated the authors to extend the methodology to 3D.
Adopted Finite Element Formulation This work uses a mixed displacement/strain (/) stabilized formulation (proposed in [3]) that can be deduced from the following weak form of the mechanical problem, (1) where equations (1)(a) and (1)(b) correspond to weak forms of the equilibrium and compatibility equations, respectively, stands for the non-linear constitutive function, for the work rate produced by the external forces, and are the prescribed tractions and body forces, respectively and and are suitable test functions.
By choosing standard bi-linear interpolation functions for the displacement field and element-wise constant interpolation for the strains, in eight-noded hexahedral finite elements, and adding a consistent stabilizing term to the equations, the finite element approximation of equation (1) reads, after some mathematical manipulation (see [3]): (2) where are termed the stabilized stresses, is the stabilization factor, taken equal to 0.1, and stands for the mean value of over the finite element.
As it is shown in Fig. 4, the results obtained with the standard formulation are clearly affected by the mesh orientation, since the localization band follows de mesh alignment.