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And in fact, numbers of spare parts configuration and repair equipment configuration are closely related, which both codetermine repair capability of AMS.
Because simulation models are abstractions of operation and maintenance processes of AMS, modeling grain and accuracy play most important roles.
Suppose and are respectively marginal values when spare part i configuration number is ni and repair equipment i configuration number is nei, so (3) (4) Considering spare part cost, the marginal value for spare part i increasing one is as follow (5) Similarly, the marginal value for the repair equipment i increasing one is as follow (6) According to above marginal value models, we can obtain optimal configurations of spare parts and repair equipment.

Both Manning et al. [8] and Rhee [9] also found that wettability of graphite, which was fine-grained dense material, by aluminum - magnesium alloy was poor regardless of magnesium content ,and contact angle between the graphite and aluminum - magnesium alloy decreased with increasing magnesium content.
The number of experiments was five or six.
The number of experiments was more than three.
The number of experiments was three to five.

Table 1 the formulation design of bit matrix [wt %] component number WC Fe Co Ni Mn 663Cu Cd 1# 5 30 5 5 5 50 0 2# 20 20 5 5 5 45 0 3# 50 10 5 5 5 25 0 4#* 20 20 5 5 5 45 50% 5#* 20 20 5 5 5 45 80% 6#* 20 20 5 5 5 45 100% Firstly, we calculated the weight of powder required.
Table 2 the average hardness of matrix samples (1#-3#) number The hardness of each sample/HRC The average hardness/HRC 1 2 3 1# 13.1 15.5 12.3 13.6 2# 17.0 19.4 24.3 20.2 3# 31.5 35.7 39.4 35.5 2.3.2 The ball pendulum hardness test The experimental rock sample was biotite granite, whose compressive strength was 169MPa.
Table 3 the average friction coefficient and friction torque between different sample and granite Test number The average friction torque/N·m the average friction coefficient the average hardness/HRC 1# 6.68 0.334 13.6 2# 13.05 0.653 20.2 3# 10.89 0.545 35.5 4# 7.19 0.360 20.2 5# 7.63 0.382 20.2 6# 9.67 0.489 20.2 According to the test data in Table 3, we concluded that the friction torque and coefficient firstly increased then decreased with the increase of hardness in dry friction experiments between granite and matrix sample without diamond.
The abrasive object was fine-grained biotite granite, which had medium-hard to hard rock abrasiveness.

The parameter 22/k cω= is just the wave number.
Although these approximate models do not accurately capture all the details of the flaw scattering process, they are useful for modeling a number of inspection problems and gave been used as the basis for developing model-based flaw sizing methods [2].
A number of ultrasonic simulators that have been developed including: 1) Champ-Sons [16,17], that is part of a larger simulation package, CIVA, developed by CEA in France, 2) UTDefect, SUNDT, and SIMSUNDT [18], which have been developed at Chalmers University in Sweden, 3) UTSIM, from the Center for NDE, Iowa State University in the USA [19], 4) the Generalized Point Source Synthesis (GPSS) software from IZFP in Germany [20], and 5) the EFIT software developed at the University of Kassel, Germany [21].
If an ultrasonic measurement model is coupled to models of sources of noise and variability in the measurement process (electronic noise, grain-scattering noise, surface roughness, flaw morphology variations, positioning errors, etc.), it is possible to develop models that can predict the performance of an ultrasonic flaw measurement in terms of a POD(α) curve, where POD denotes probability of detection and a is the flaw size.

Magnetic nanomaterials have a number of unusual properties, such as giant magnetoresistance, an anomalously large magnetocaloric effect, etc.
Some of the important requirements to M-type BHF thin films for use in different systems are high values of coercive force Hc (> 240 kA/m), small grain size and thickness of the film.
At present, different methods for the synthesis of M-type barium ferrite films are known which have a number of disadvantages [7].
However, at present time there are a number of outstanding questions of producing films (including anisotropic films) by sol-gel method.

., maximum water depth hi, average grain size of riverbed materials dm, diameter depth R, roughness coefficient n, average flow velocity v, flow rate Q, friction velocity U*, sediment number Ns, riverbed material density σs, and average particle size of riverbed material dm.
The optimized hyperparameters were size, which is the number of units in the non-display layer, and decay, which is the weight attenuation parameter.
Acknowledgement This research was supported by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Tourism, Construction Technology Research and Development Grant Program (CRD), and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 20H02394.

If switched on fine-grained band, the complexity of switching matrix will become very high, which exceeds the ability of microwave switching matrices.
At the received port of satellite, the outputs of the X-band and Ka-band receive antennas through lower noise amplifier, downcoversion to appropriate IF frequencies, passband filter, passband sampling and finally transformed to baseband signal, which could denote: (1) denotes the rth baseband signal with one or several continuous subchannels, denotes the carry frequency of the rth signal, P denote the number of signals.
· Figure.3(a) shows the distribution of subchannels, suppose there are Q numbers of subchannel in whole band (0~), so that each subchannel bandwidth is , mid-frequency is . denotes the protect band between subchannels
The polyphase realization of the analysis filter bank is based on the polyphase implementation of the decimators and is relatively simple for the case of critically sampled filter banks wherein the decimation factor M is equal to the number of channels.

Selecting suitable viscosity from SiO2/PVA solutions, measured using viscometer (Brookfield DV-I Prime), is important to produce nanofibers with the least number of beads.
Effect of SiO2:PVA Compositions on Fiber Morphology Several weight percent ratios of SiO2 and PVA were prepared and a suitable ratio was selected to produce desired structure of nanofiber for erbium-doped SiO2/PVA with minimal number of beads.
The SiO2:PVA composite with a ratio 1:9 was chosen for doping it with erbium due to less number of beads formed in the fiber and with larger diameter (around 100nm) for electrospinning.
The relatively high optical transparency of erbium-doped SiO2:PVA thin films indicates the homogeneous and smooth film surface film homogeneity and smooth film surface with low roughness and small grain size particle [13].

The three diversion tunnels are parallel to each other and tunnel spacing distances is 30m, the sequence number of middle diversion tunnel is 5, both sides are respectively NO.4 and NO.6 diversion tunnel.
(2) Where represents maximum explosive pressure on the wall of blasthole in decoupling charging condition, represents average pressure of explosive[8],is the charge diameter,is the borehole diameter,is the length of grain,is the charging length of blast-holes.is a pressure enlarging coefficient.
Table 2 Dynamic material parameters of rock masses Density Elastic modulus Tangent modulus Cohesive strength Friction angle Compressive strength Poission’s ratio 2700kg/m3 50GPa 8GPa 2.6MPa 50° 100MPa 0.25 Numerical calculation based on different material constitutive model.Two different material constitutive models are adopted in numerical calculation.To select the nodes in the numerical model which are near to in-stu monitoring points,the nodes are numbered as A, B, C, D, E, F and G, the calculated results are compared to measured data
(a) (b) Fig.5 Comparison of regression trend of PPV between field test and numerical calculation Influence of blasting excavation on Excavation Damage Zone of adjacent cavern Criterion of excavation damage zone.In the process of blasting excavation,Detonation creates compression and shear damage of rock mass around blasthole,Cai[9] through analysis of a large number of indoor three triaxial test data to get the stress state of brittle rock under three dimension stress state at the internal crack initiation time,it is shown in Eq.5

At present, NIRS technique had applied in online quality detection and control of fruit, fish, meat, milk, grain, fermentation of cheese and alcohol etc.
The European Article Numbering (EAN) association had made some effort towards standardization by introducing several codes: the best known was the EAN/UCC Global Location Numbers (GLN) in the EAN/UCC-13 version.
RFID for animals, food and farming will become the largest RFID market of all because it will benefit the food supply chain in a huge number of ways including livestock disease control and merchandising prepared food.