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Online since: January 2011
Authors: Mamatjan Tursun, Gulbahar Tohti, Mamtimin Gheni, Yu Feng Chen
After modifying intersection properties, weight of each factor in terms of their effect to capacity is acquired.
Factors affecting intersection capacity varies from roadway conditions, traffic flow, vehicle condition and transportation in surrounding areas, are vehicle speed, lane width, signal timing and sight triangle in detail.
(a) time step of 1 (b) time step of 2 (c) time step of 10 (d) time step of 100 Fig. 2 Numerical simulation result Numerical Analysis of Factors Affecting Intersection Capacity In this research, six factors affecting traffic flow on intersections are considered, vehicle speed, number of lane, lane width, car condition, signal timing and sight triangle[1][3][6], all listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Factors affecting traffic flow on intersections on standard condition Factor speed Number of lane Lane width Car condition Signal timing Sight triangle parameter 30 km/h 3 3.5 m normal event open sight According to discrete model simulation results, intersection capacities at different conditions are obtained, assuming other 5 factors stay in standard condition when analyzing one factor
When designing and optimizing intersections is good usage of specific geometric location, and coordination of all affecting factors will avoid one of them to become a bottleneck of the intersection capacity.
Factors affecting intersection capacity varies from roadway conditions, traffic flow, vehicle condition and transportation in surrounding areas, are vehicle speed, lane width, signal timing and sight triangle in detail.
(a) time step of 1 (b) time step of 2 (c) time step of 10 (d) time step of 100 Fig. 2 Numerical simulation result Numerical Analysis of Factors Affecting Intersection Capacity In this research, six factors affecting traffic flow on intersections are considered, vehicle speed, number of lane, lane width, car condition, signal timing and sight triangle[1][3][6], all listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Factors affecting traffic flow on intersections on standard condition Factor speed Number of lane Lane width Car condition Signal timing Sight triangle parameter 30 km/h 3 3.5 m normal event open sight According to discrete model simulation results, intersection capacities at different conditions are obtained, assuming other 5 factors stay in standard condition when analyzing one factor
When designing and optimizing intersections is good usage of specific geometric location, and coordination of all affecting factors will avoid one of them to become a bottleneck of the intersection capacity.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Yan Gong Yang, Zhao Jia
The effects of treatment conditions on the properties were studied.
Mechanical properties determination Fiber mechanical properties were obtained using YG-003 fiber tensile machine.
Fig. 1 Effect of addition of hydrazine hydrate on properties of the fiber 3.2 Effect of drying time on properties of the fiber Keeping all other variables unchanged, the effect of drying time on the properties of the fiber is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 Effect of drying time on properties of the fiber It can be seen that the drying time played an important role in the three properties of the modified PAN fiber.
The individual factors of the reaction, such as addition of hydrazine hydrate, drying time, heating temperature and time on the properties of the fiber were all studied in a systematic way.
Mechanical properties determination Fiber mechanical properties were obtained using YG-003 fiber tensile machine.
Fig. 1 Effect of addition of hydrazine hydrate on properties of the fiber 3.2 Effect of drying time on properties of the fiber Keeping all other variables unchanged, the effect of drying time on the properties of the fiber is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 Effect of drying time on properties of the fiber It can be seen that the drying time played an important role in the three properties of the modified PAN fiber.
The individual factors of the reaction, such as addition of hydrazine hydrate, drying time, heating temperature and time on the properties of the fiber were all studied in a systematic way.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Tian Chun Zou, Zhen Yu Feng, Jia Rui Zhang
Introduction
Due to the temperature and humidity affect of composite properties, environment design criteria should be worked out in the selection and design of composite aircraft structures and should be accredited or approved by certification institutions.
Compensation process of environmental factors.
Then, according to statistical analysis technique, give material allowable corresponding to environment conditions (B basis value and A basis value); in terms of composite material tensile properties, compression properties and extrusion strength properties of mechanical fastener splicing, through comparative analysis on material allowable in different environment conditions, give environmental compensation factors based on statistical analysis.
Table 3 provides environment compensating factors of several aircraft models.
It shows, for non-main framing (usually in stiffness design), that higher environment compensating factors can be adopted (such as 1.15 or 1.18); for main framing, lower environment compensating factors.
Compensation process of environmental factors.
Then, according to statistical analysis technique, give material allowable corresponding to environment conditions (B basis value and A basis value); in terms of composite material tensile properties, compression properties and extrusion strength properties of mechanical fastener splicing, through comparative analysis on material allowable in different environment conditions, give environmental compensation factors based on statistical analysis.
Table 3 provides environment compensating factors of several aircraft models.
It shows, for non-main framing (usually in stiffness design), that higher environment compensating factors can be adopted (such as 1.15 or 1.18); for main framing, lower environment compensating factors.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Yuan Shuai Dong, Qing Quan Liu, Dong Wei Cao
Since many influencing factors on the bending property of asphalt mixture, in order to explore the various factors on the influence degree of bending property, 16 kinds beam specimens of asphalt mixture, formed by different asphalt binders and different gradations of aggregate, were tested.
The influence degree of eight factors on the bending properties was analyzed by the gray entropy method.
Factors Analysis of the Beading property Asphalt mixture bending performance is affected by the characteristics of asphalt binder and mineral aggregate, thus determining which variables to characterize the properties of asphalt binder and mineral aggregate is the primary task.
In summary, this study selected 135 ℃ and 175 ℃ Brookfield viscosity, the maximum particle size, the key sieve pass rate (as 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm and 0.075 mm), asphalt-aggregate ratio and filler-bitumen ratio as the main influencing factors of asphalt mixture bending performance, to determine which factors have the largest contribution to the bending properties by the gray entropy method.
Author compared the influence degree of eight factors on the bending properties by the gray entropy method.
The influence degree of eight factors on the bending properties was analyzed by the gray entropy method.
Factors Analysis of the Beading property Asphalt mixture bending performance is affected by the characteristics of asphalt binder and mineral aggregate, thus determining which variables to characterize the properties of asphalt binder and mineral aggregate is the primary task.
In summary, this study selected 135 ℃ and 175 ℃ Brookfield viscosity, the maximum particle size, the key sieve pass rate (as 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm and 0.075 mm), asphalt-aggregate ratio and filler-bitumen ratio as the main influencing factors of asphalt mixture bending performance, to determine which factors have the largest contribution to the bending properties by the gray entropy method.
Author compared the influence degree of eight factors on the bending properties by the gray entropy method.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Bo He, Hong Cai Zhang
In these years, the newly developed functionally graded materials (FGMs) with continuously varying properties have been designed and manufactured [1].
The crack-tip stress field and the stress intensity factor is determined by not only the distribution of the composition, microstructure and mechanical properties, but also the position, orientation, external load, size and shape of crack, which will lead to the complexity of the crack-tip stress field and the stress intensity factor.
For FGMs, another factor that affects the calculation precision is the layered number and the relationship between C1 displacement and the layered number was shown in Fig.4.
Numerical Results and Discussion The mechanical properties of FGMs are inhomogeneous, so the crack tip will always be loaded in a mixed state, and the stress intensity factor of the crack tip of mode I and mode II generally equals to 0.
“Effect of the Transitional Gradient of Material Property on the Mechanical Behavior of a Non-homogeneous Interlayer.”
The crack-tip stress field and the stress intensity factor is determined by not only the distribution of the composition, microstructure and mechanical properties, but also the position, orientation, external load, size and shape of crack, which will lead to the complexity of the crack-tip stress field and the stress intensity factor.
For FGMs, another factor that affects the calculation precision is the layered number and the relationship between C1 displacement and the layered number was shown in Fig.4.
Numerical Results and Discussion The mechanical properties of FGMs are inhomogeneous, so the crack tip will always be loaded in a mixed state, and the stress intensity factor of the crack tip of mode I and mode II generally equals to 0.
“Effect of the Transitional Gradient of Material Property on the Mechanical Behavior of a Non-homogeneous Interlayer.”
Online since: January 2009
Authors: Józef Błachnio
These precipitates were
essential as a factor determining ductility properties both under creeping conditions and at room
temperatures.
Thus the slip at grain boundaries is no more the main factor affecting the process of decohesion phenomena.
This guarantees high strength properties.
Fig. 4 shows the influence of the volumetric content of this phase on the mechanical properties.
Factors affecting this phenomenon are the supercritical temperature, the time a material is subject to it and the waste gas chemical attack.
Thus the slip at grain boundaries is no more the main factor affecting the process of decohesion phenomena.
This guarantees high strength properties.
Fig. 4 shows the influence of the volumetric content of this phase on the mechanical properties.
Factors affecting this phenomenon are the supercritical temperature, the time a material is subject to it and the waste gas chemical attack.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Seyed Ali Asghar Akbari Mousavi, Hadi Ramezani, Hossein Ebrahimzadeh
The effects of laser process parameters on the weld dimensions, metallurgical and mechanical properties of weld metal were investigated.
Final microstructure and mechanical properties of weld and heat affected zone will depend on the heating and cooling rates and the number of times a particular region experiences the thermal cycle.
There are many parameters at pulsed Nd :YAG laser welding like voltage, duration time, beam diameter and many other factors which inevitably complicate the process.
Dryden, Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 625 Alloy during Pulsed Plasma Arc Deposition Process, Mater.
Mannan, Mechanical Properties of Friction-Stir-Welded Inconel 625 Alloy, Nucl.
Final microstructure and mechanical properties of weld and heat affected zone will depend on the heating and cooling rates and the number of times a particular region experiences the thermal cycle.
There are many parameters at pulsed Nd :YAG laser welding like voltage, duration time, beam diameter and many other factors which inevitably complicate the process.
Dryden, Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 625 Alloy during Pulsed Plasma Arc Deposition Process, Mater.
Mannan, Mechanical Properties of Friction-Stir-Welded Inconel 625 Alloy, Nucl.
Online since: October 2009
Authors: Cristiana Delprete, Paolo Baldissera
In this paper, the influence of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on mechanical properties
of two commercial steels is analysed.
Since the hardness and the wear resistance are key features for tool steels, the DCT literature has been mainly focused on these mechanical properties.
As reported in Table 2, the DCT produced no relevant changes on the mechanical properties of the austenitic stainless steel.
Table 2 - AISI 302 mechanical properties, 95% confidence interval.
Table 3 - 18NiCrMo5 mechanical properties, 95% confidence interval.
Since the hardness and the wear resistance are key features for tool steels, the DCT literature has been mainly focused on these mechanical properties.
As reported in Table 2, the DCT produced no relevant changes on the mechanical properties of the austenitic stainless steel.
Table 2 - AISI 302 mechanical properties, 95% confidence interval.
Table 3 - 18NiCrMo5 mechanical properties, 95% confidence interval.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Jian Ping Zhao, Wen Ting Jia, Jun Cao
The high welding residual stress is the main factors affecting the service life of welded structures.
The major factors affecting the effects of post weld cool treatment (PWCT) is preheating temperature, cooling time and cooling range.
The thermo-physical and thermo-mechanical properties of the 304L steel were showed [7] in Figs.3.
Fig. 3 The properties of 304L steel Fig. 4 Mesh of welded structure Numerical simulation There are two steps in the numerical procedure.
Barsoum, Influence of thermo-mechanical material properties of different steel grades on welding residual stresses and angular distortion, Mater.Des. 65 (2015) 878-889
The major factors affecting the effects of post weld cool treatment (PWCT) is preheating temperature, cooling time and cooling range.
The thermo-physical and thermo-mechanical properties of the 304L steel were showed [7] in Figs.3.
Fig. 3 The properties of 304L steel Fig. 4 Mesh of welded structure Numerical simulation There are two steps in the numerical procedure.
Barsoum, Influence of thermo-mechanical material properties of different steel grades on welding residual stresses and angular distortion, Mater.Des. 65 (2015) 878-889
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Yue Cheng Deng, Hong Chun Sun, Jia Li
Any accidental (e.g. cracks) or intentional modification in a structure will alert its stiffness and damping properties and affect its dynamic characteristics.
They derived an element stiffness matrix of the beam by integrating of stress intensity factors and proposed stiffness values for closing and opening cracks.
They are functions of the loading, the size and shape of cracks and geometric boundary conditions. 4.2 Determine of the stress intensity factors The idea of equivalent spring to quantify the relations between the loading and the strain of the crack tip macroscopically has become the basic of determining the stress intensity factors by experimental method.
In some simple cases of cracks or notched beams, simple methods for obtaining the approximate stress intensity factors through asymptotic matching have been used [20].
Computers & Structures. 28, 309--313 (1988) [20] Gao, H., Herrmann, G.: On estimates of stress intensity factors for cracked beams and pipes.
They derived an element stiffness matrix of the beam by integrating of stress intensity factors and proposed stiffness values for closing and opening cracks.
They are functions of the loading, the size and shape of cracks and geometric boundary conditions. 4.2 Determine of the stress intensity factors The idea of equivalent spring to quantify the relations between the loading and the strain of the crack tip macroscopically has become the basic of determining the stress intensity factors by experimental method.
In some simple cases of cracks or notched beams, simple methods for obtaining the approximate stress intensity factors through asymptotic matching have been used [20].
Computers & Structures. 28, 309--313 (1988) [20] Gao, H., Herrmann, G.: On estimates of stress intensity factors for cracked beams and pipes.