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Alloy Hardness (HVN) Yield strength (MPa) Tensile strength (MPa) Elongation (%) Reduction area (%) Charpy Impact (J) 718 350 904 1227 28.2 41.4 85 (-75°F) 4140 320 898 1007 20 55 90 (70°F) Experimental Results Microstructures Figure 2a illustrates topographic features on the UNS N07718 alloy before and after ultrasonic impact treatment.
UNS G41400 is comparatively not as deformable and more subject to strain localization, as revealed by its greater reduction of area.
These simple phenomenological differences in mechanical properties alone can explain the differences seen in the hardness and stress distribution data.

Moreover, the second consequence of chemical expansion in concrete is the stiffness reduction due to (micro) crack opening in hardened cement paste.
This reduction can reach more than 50% in the case of DEF-affected material.
This result confirms that the thermal conditions of precast influence directly on the swelling of structures and therefore more realistic modelling requires very accurate data on the precast conditions.

Specimen nh (-) D (mm) s (mm) e (mm) Ap,net/Ap (%) D/s (-) ξ (-) M 2x2-D87 2 87.00 50.00 143.00 65.9 1.74 0.44 M 3x3-D32 3 31.88 63.79 143.40 81.3 0.50 0.44 M 3x3-D51 3 51.27 51.00 127.50 69.8 1.01 0.50 M 3x3-D100 3 100.00 10.00 95.00 41.2 10.00 0.63 M 3x3-D109 3 109.29 12.14 78.93 35.7 9.00 0.69 M 3x3-D127 3 127.63 10.00 53.55 24.9 12.76 0.79 M 3x3-D131 3 130.98 5.00 53.55 23.0 26.20 0.79 M 4x4-D72 4 71.94 21.48 78.90 43.6 3.35 0.69 M 4x4-D99 4 98.84 2.28 53.90 22.5 43.35 0.79 M 5x5-D48 5 48.29 27.54 79.20 52.7 1.75 0.69 M 5x5-D74 5 74.00 8.26 53.48 27.5 8.96 0.79 M 5x5-D81 5 81.00 3.00 46.50 20.6 27.00 0.82 M 5x5-D85 5 85.00 15.00 12.50 16.7 5.67 0.95 M 5x5-D90 5 90.00 10.00 10.00 11.8 9.00 0.96 M 5x5-D95 5 95.00 5.00 7.50 6.9 19.00 0.97 M 9x9-D26 9 26.62 20.34 53.90 53.0 1.31 0.79 M 9x9-D43 9 42.50 7.50 33.75 25.0 5.67 0.87 M 9x9-D45 9 45.00 5.00 32.50 20.6 9.00 0.87 M 9x9-D48 9 47.50 2.50 31.25 16.2 19.00 0.88 In the same table, other geometrical data are reported, namely: the spacing
On the contrary, when the number of perforations is low, the increase of the ratio D/s leads to an excessive slenderness of the plate portions included within two adjacent perforations, this entailing a reduction of the ratio Fpinc/Fmax due to the pinching provoked by the development of buckling phenomena.
Also, it has been noted that when the parameter x increases, due to a reduction of the not perforated zone of the panel -this meaning holes closer to the panel edges- the ratio Fpinc/Fmax increases as the number of holes grows.

The specific objectives were to determine whether the activity of this essential oil is essentially due to any particular component and search for exploratory data of their food preservative potentials.
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is defined as the minimum level of essential oil concentration that produces a 90% reduction in the growth (populations) of microbial colonies.
The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is defined as the minimum level of essential oil concentration that produces at least a 99.9% reduction in the growth (population) of microbial colonies [15].

Based on the standard free energy of formation, the chromium carbides should form prior to the formation of TaC, then the appearance of TaC and reduction of chromium carbides as evidenced by the XRD in Fig. 2 can not be explained.
As analyzed in previous section, the significant improvement in cracking susceptibility is attributed to the generation of tantalum carbides and borides and reduction of the coarse brittle phases of chromium carbides and borides.
Barin, Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, Third edition VCH, Beijing 2003.

A multidirectional laser scanning strategy was chosen with a section split into elementary square cells in a staggered order (chessboard), providing the best properties, the lowest residual stresses level and properties’ anisotropy reduction.
With systematic characterization of the microstructure and tensile tests, the following conclusions can be drawn: a) The addition of reinforcing TiC particles leads to a reduction in the grain size of the matrix, which has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of the matrix; b) Microhardness increases with the addition of TiC particles to the steel matrix.
Ndip-Agbor, et al., Data-driven multi-scale multi-physics models to derive process–structure–property relationships for additive manufacturing, Comput.

The main objective of this study was that of allowing for a greater comprehension of the production system’s operational characteristics so as to provide data for a more efficient production control.
A numerical simulation model was developed to study the synchronization of production with demand as well as the reduction of production costs.
Thus, for different proportion values of four-door car bodies, one observed that the production sequence, which could be of great importance in the reduction of energy costs, does not influence the line’s ultimate performance: the number of cars produced remains constant when the production sequence is altered.

These data indicate the feasibility of preparing well defined PAN samples under controlled conditions.
With the increasing of irradiation doses, there is a remarkable reduction in T5%.
It can also be observed that EB irradiated samples show the slower reduction in weight loss compared to the non-irradiated one.

The semiconductor characteristics of silicon may be the reason for the thermal conductivity reduction.
The closer the data point to the oblique line, the higher the calculation accuracy is.
The semiconductor characteristics of silicon precipitated in the grain boundaries may be the main reason for the reduction of the phonon contribution in the thermal conductivity.

Yet the rapid development of microelectronic technique and the great reduction in the price of microelectronic element embarrassed the control mode [4].
The harmonic eliminating PWM control is applied in the inverter section, and the switching loss decreases with the reduction of switching power, which is favorable for the improvement of efficiency of inverter with a sound effect.
In the process of compilation, Fenglan Tian made great contribution on data collecting and analyze.