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Preface We welcome you to the proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Engineering Sciences (ICES 2022) that successfully took place on December 14-15, 2022, at the Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
ICES 2022 is the premier forum for the presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of Engineering Sciences.
The main objective of ICES 2022 is to provide a comprehensive global forum for experts and participants from academia and industry to exchange ideas and present the results of ongoing research.
The selected articles presented here describe the latest research in geotechnics, structural engineering and concrete technologies.
The collection will be helpful to engineers and researchers in construction technologies and building materials.

Additive Manufacturing for Medical and Biomedical Applications: Advances and Challenges Andrey Koptyuga, Lars-Erik Rännarb, Mikael Bäckströmc and Marie Cronskärd Mid Sweden University, Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Akademigatan 1, SE-831 25, Östersund, Sweden aandrei.koptioug@miun.se, blars-erik.rannar@miun.se, cmikael.backstrom@miun.se, dmarie.cronskar@miun.se Keywords: additive manufacturing, electron beam melting, implants, multi-parameter optimization, multi-dimensional design.
AM materials that are equally suitable for engineering and biomedical applications (for example like Ti-6Al-4V, CoCr certified for additive implant manufacturing) are widely available, and essentially same methods and same equipment are used in both cases.
One can already conclude that the task of making components with 3D shapes conformal to human anatomy is today routinely and efficiently solved by AM methods employing the help of advanced virtual reality (VR).
Engineering optimization for the best mechanical performance is well established and modeling of component construction modification simultaneously maximizing load capacity and minimizing component weight is performed routinely.
Combining modeling tools common in engineering, material science and biomechanics it is possible to optimize the implants for their best performance in the human body.

The basic idea was to establish a periodical international forum presenting multiscale approaches in fati gue and fracture of materials.
Therefore, respective sections focused on atomistic models, models based on crystal defects, nu meri cal and statistical models based on continuum mechanics, advanced experimental methods and relationships between structure and mechani cal prope11ies appeared during the MSMF-2 conference in 1998.
Nearly 150 scientists from 2 1 countries all over the world presented a vari ety of multiscale approaches in modeling and testing deformati on and fracture processes in engineering materials.
It is my pleasure to thank the editorial board of the journal Materi als Science Forum fo r the readiness to publish this vol ume devoted to MSMF-4.

The forum took place in Gifu, Japan, 24 years ago for the first time.
The overarching goal of this conference was to provide an international forum for the representation and discussion of research results in lubrication, friction, wear, and development of the tribological systems pertaining to manufacturing processes.
Three plenary lectures were given covering: (a) Advances in tribological coatings for superlubricity and ultra-high wear resistance, (b) An integrated experimental and molecular modelling approach to investigate tribological mechanics in hot rolling of metal, and (c) Overview of metal forming research in Indian Academia.
We would also like to extend our gratitude to authors who were devoted to advancing the understanding of tribological phenomena pertaining to a broad range of manufacturing processes.
These proceedings provide a record of efforts by international researchers working on tribology for manufacturing systems, and we hope that the presented articles will be helpful for you in searching for innovative engineering solutions.

The First International Conference on materials and Applications for Sensors and Transducers (ICMAST) aims to provide a high-level international forum for scientists, engineers, and educators to present the state of the art of materials technology and especially those materials used for sensors, actuators, and all kind of devices used for transducing physical signals.
Popescu, editor of the Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, and Prof D.
Hristoforou, National Technical University of Athens, School of Mining and Metallurgy Engineering D.
Popescu, Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials P.
Popescu, Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials R.

Template assisted ultrasonic process synthesis and luminescent properties of Eu3+ doped LaPO4 nanocrystals Yanbo Wu1,a, Peng Sun1,b, Hongquan Yu1,c, Sisi Zeng1,d 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, Liaoning 116028, PR China awuyanbo_djd@126.com, bsunpeng417@163.com, c yuhq7808@yahoo.com.cn, das_zeng@126.com Keywords: ultrasonic method, LaPO4:Eu3+, PVP, CTAB, P123, luminescent properties Abstract.
Since this report, optical properties of nanosized luminescence materials have been investigated extensively due to the possibilities for advanced applications, especially for improving the spatial resolution of display units such as high-resolution cathode-ray tubes (CRTs)[2] and plasma display panels (PDPs)[3].
Forum Vol 840 (1999), p.11
Forum Vol 27(2009), p 182
Forum Vol 8 (1974), p 331

From explained backgrounds, we constructed a program of national project on advanced magnesium alloys.
Subsequently, three categorized groups in the project, namely, advanced structural materials design, eco-materials design and processing, and processing and new functional materials design and processing, will be directed towards the development of advanced magnesium alloys as sustainable society-supporting materials.
Advanced Structural Materials Design and Processing The first research group of our project is dealing with advanced structural materials design and processing for the attainment of high mechanical performance.
Through this conference, further steps are to be taken towards science and technology for advanced magnesium alloys in the 21st century.
Forum Vol.419-422 (2003), p.605 [17] S.

Introduction Reverse engineering, as an emerging discipline, is more and more importance to advanced manufacturing techniques.
Physical model measurenment & planning Digital measurement Data Preprocessing digital discrete data of Physical model Fig. 3 Process of physical digitalize Physical surface digitalize is the basis of reverse engineering, in the past, we mainly use calipers to measuring by hand, which is not only inefficient but also error-prone, so it is replaced by advanced modern measuring instruments and specialized computer software.
TRACECUT is the core software of various scanning system in RENISHAW company and it is also a CAD/CAM package with advanced scanning/digital function.
Li: Proceeding of 2004 national doctoral academic forum and essay.
Zhang: China Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 6 (1995), p. 1-5 [6] G.C.

References [1]JI Hong We and Huaiwen Wang :Packaging engineering.2002, Forum Vol.99 (2002) ,P.4（In Chinese） [2]Marcondes J,Hatton K and Graham J: Packaging Technology and Science.
Forum Vol.69-76(2003), P.16 [3]Yi J W and Park G J: Advances in Engineering Software.
Forum Vol. 321-4328 (2010), p.31 [10]Miltz J and Gruenbaum G:Polymer Engineering ＆ Science.
Forum Vol. 216-220 (2011), p. 30（In Chinese） [12]Cheng Liu:Packaging Engineering.
Forum Vol. 9-14 (2002), p. 23（In Chinese）

Nano-mechanical and surface morphological properties of TiN coating produced by PVD on tool steel Tünde Kovács-Coskun Óbuda University, Bánki Donát Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Material Sciences, 1081 Budapest Népszínház u. 8.
This aim can be achieved by an appropriate combination of the tool geometry and advanced coating systems.
Recent development focuses on advanced, nano-structured coatings [1, 2].
Forum. 414415, 297-304 (2003)
Forum. 537-538, 285-290 (2007)