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The numbers in this figure correspond to number of replicates for those experimental conditions.
In Stenal Rheo1 alloy, by increasing the Si-content, the α-Si eutectic is formed in the grain boundaries.

In the metal melt system, According to the phase rule: f=K+F-1 (f: degree of freedom, K: number of components, andF: number of phase).
Li, Grain refining potency of Al-B master alloy on pure aluminum, Scr Mater. 64 (2011) 1121-1124

Possessing high environmental and hygroscopic properties, clay material also has a number of disadvantages: low compressive strength and environmental resistance, high shrinkage value during drying.
Studies [16, 17] demonstrated a huge number of the unique properties of starch, which appear during its chemical or thermal treatment.
It is well known that starch grains are insoluble in cold water and only after reaching 60 °C beginning the initial process of starch gelatinization.

There are a number of heterogeneous ceramics that have both conducting and insulating phases.
Dielectrics with low dielectric loss, appropriate and stable dielectric constant with temperature have a number of applications in microwave technologies.
The accumulation of charge carriers at the grain boundaries may result the reduced electrical conductivity in the low frequency [15,27] and at high frequencies, the random diffusion of charge carriers cause the conductivity to increase.

Various microstructural evolution will inevitably occur during long-term thermal exposure at high temperature, including coarsening and coalescence of γ´ phase, degradation of primary MC, grain boundary coarsening and formation of topological close-packed phase (TCP phase) [7-9].
Serial Number Cooling Rate γ´ Phase Shape Average side length of γ´ Phase Matrix Phase Channel Width 1 air cooling spherical 86nm 8nm 2 0.15℃/s irregular curved surface, with a trend towards cube shape 375nm 30nm 3 raw material regular cube 530nm 60nm Figure 2.
serial number cooling rate yield strength (σ0.2) tensile strength (σb) Elongation rate (δ5) Section shrinkage (y) 1 Air cooling 468.52MPa 739.88MPa 15% 19% 2 0.15℃/s 519.73MPa 724.31MPa 19% 23% 3 raw material 662.35MPa 889.44MPa 25% 30% From Table 2, it is obvious that the yield strength of material No. 1 is the smallest, 468.52 MPa, and that of material No.3 is the largest, 662.35 MPa.

These tools have an alloy steel body, with a diamond coating in the cutting area with a grain size of D126.
Tools used in the case study, the number indicates the tool diameter (mm), photos with different scales for better viewing Strategies and CAM Programming To make the sculpture, Powermill 2021 CAM software was used, from which the following strategies were used: • Model area clearance, • Model rest area clearance, • Steep and shallow finishing, • Corner multi-pencil finishing.
High speed machining provides a consistent tool loading at the expense of an increased number of rapid, air moves across the component.

It seems that there is only an unmodified structure and a modified structure but in reality a number of microstructures may be categorizes between unmodified and modified microstructures.
However a number of factors are responsible for porosity formation in modified alloys.
[10] Apelian D., Sigworth G.K. and Whaler K.R., 1984, “Assessment of Grain Refining and Modification of Al-Si Foundry Alloy by Thermal Analysis”, AFS Transition, 92, 297-307

The number of pores and corresponding pore size (D) of a foam sample can be approximately estimated by observations on the sections of the sample using a digital stereo microscope.
It can be suggested that pitting corrosion behavior of the foams is influenced by not only the precipitate size of Al3Sc particles but also, presumably, Sc-containing solid solution, density of Al3Sc particles and grain size.
T6-treatment can improve the corrosion performance of the cellular Al-Sc foams due to the uniform redistribution of Sc, especially for the as-fabricated cellular Al-0.41Sc foams with a number of the coarse primary Al3Sc formed in solidification.

With the increase of load, the number and width of crack increases gradually.
As for post-anchor stirrup for reinforcement, the bolt’s contributions to shear capacity of concrete beam could adopt the calculation method for bent-up steel bar, referred to the equation (4): (4) Measured values are taken for such items as tensile strength of concrete and yield strength of steel bar and the number of bent-up steel bar n takes that of anchoring stirrup within horizontal range h0, and n=2 is taken for L1, n=3 for l2; bending angle takes 90°; with consideration of the hysteresis phenomenon of strain of bolt in the process of stress, it should be reduced and based on the test results, the reduction factor ξ could take 0.6-0.8, which takes ξ=0.8 for calculation in this paper.
Experimental study on shear behavior of concrete beams reinforced by hot rolled ribbed bars of fine grains, Industrial Construction, 2010.10 [7]Zhang Shen, Che Yi, Xie Qinghong, Xu Dongpo.

The model represents a crack bridged by a large number of randomly distributed and oriented fibers.
The mixture consists of hydrated air lime powder and metakaolin as binders and fine grained quartz filler with maximal particle size 0.3 mm.
Damage quickly localizes into small number of cracks, which are located in areas near the joints.