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Alternatively, symptoms are also resolved with a cusp capping technique (Fig. 1) with only a small reduction of tooth structure above the crack [10,19].
On the other hand, due to size limitations and difficulties with material preparation there is no reliable data available for the critical values of the generalized stress intensity factor except for the limiting case α = 0, i.e. crack case.
It means that such composites have better characteristics in the reduction of the risk of tooth fractures.

Data about contact load (external stresses) distribution on working surfaces of a cutting tool are necessary for calculating these stresses.
In our opinion it is caused by the high temperature in the zone of the flank land, which leads to the reduction of shear strength τmax of the workpiece material.
Reduction of the variable thickness ratio Ka2 leads to an increase of the maximum value of a normal specific load σh max at the cutting edge.

Fig. 4 shows the grain map of [001] inverse pole figure obtained by the OIM™ Data Analysis software provided by EDAX.
According to this figure, there is a slight decreasing trend in the average grain size (~10% reduction) before the machining affected area is reached.
At the start of machining affected region (area 2), a decrease in the average grain area happens (~7% further reduction) and then a sharp increase occurs in the areas right below the tip of the tool (~57% increase).

The data were calculated relative to controls and expressed as %Survival rate. 5.
Enrichment of P. indusiatus crude proteins using acid extraction under reduction condition Dried P. indusiatus powder was physically hydrolyzed glycosidic bonds of polysaccharide that are a major component of the mushroom cell wall.
Among the proteins, P1, P3, and P4 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects, with P4 showing the strongest reduction in NO release (Fig.2A) with moderate cytotoxicity (Fig. 2B).

When exposed to shear forces, polymer solutions experience a reduction in viscosity, which facilitates smoother flow.
Overall, the data highlights that both air pressure and slit angle significantly influence fiber morphology and size.
These findings suggest that controlled airflow can help improve fiber properties, especially uniformity and defect reduction.

Ma et al. [8] stated that the increase of volume fraction of SiCp (5~15μm) led to size reduction of eutectic Si and also changed its morphology in Al-20Si alloy.
Tensile data was taken from the average value of 3 specimens.
Reduction in grain size increases the yield strength of the nanocomposites according to the Hall-Petch formula:, where represents the initial yield strength of the material, is the material constant and is the grain size of the Fig. 4 Mechanical properties of A356 material.

During this cycle net force on the particles increases and in the loose powder bed the finer particles easily takes a space between coarser particles by sliding and rearrangement of particles results reduction of pores as can be seen from the SEM micrographs of Fig. 3b, as a result the densification takes place by surface plastic deformation over small areas due to which green density improves.
The reported data of apparent hardness is the average of three indentations on the top surface of the specimen.
After sintering the density of the compacts increases due to which the ratio of reduction of pores increases in that case the samples gain a strength due to which the samples show a better resistance to deformation in case of applied force.

ARB processing consisted in the repetition of 4 steps: 1) degreasing and wire-brushing with 0.3 mm steel wire brush; 2) stacking of two pieces of 300×50×2 mm 3; 3) joining by Al wires; 4) rolling without lubricant to 50% reduction in thickness.
The application of the two-state trapping model [5] to the data reveals that the dislocations are not distributed uniformly, i.e., they are arranged in cell and subgrain boundaries.
Deformation recovery is easy in 4N Al, thus surface shear deformation probably recovers with increasing reduction of conventional rolling, as it does not change its position.

To this end, enterprises should control or manage logistics cost by the reduction of the comprehensive cost instead of the simple cost reduction, and should expand the cost management into the whole domain, and should also inspect logistics cost from the angle of the mutual relationship between the relevant operators.
Under the premise of satisfying the correct demand, we can make the counting of logistics cost to be intact by counting and collecting explicit logistics costs from the accounting data and by confirm the relevant implicit costs through other methods.

The 50% cold-rolled sheets that are 1mm thick were cut in half-length, stacked to be 2 mm thick after degreasing and wire-brushing the contact surfaces, and then roll-bonded by 50% reduction in one pass at RT, which is considered as the 2nd ARB cycle.
[11], the recrystallization occurred at 400 ºC after cold-roll which resulted in the reduction of 65% in the electro-deposited pure iron ( Fe-0.0006C-0.0001Mn-0.0001P-0.0002S-0.0002Al-0.0009N- 0.0018O : 99.996% purity), Except for the amount of Al expected of form oxide, this is similar to the chemical composition of the materials used in this study.
Data were obtained by EBSP measurements. 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 2 4 6 8 450ºC400ºC Conclusions The annealing behavior of the high purity iron severely deformed by the ARB process was investigated.