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Particular attention has been given to production of material with minimal number of pores in a ceramic layer.
Microhardness depends significantly on the ceramic composition and reaches its maximum at 6-10% AlN, which is associated with grinding of grains and reduction in porosity of ceramics.
Mechanic properties of steel 3310H σb, MPa σ0, MPa δ5,% Ψ,% KCU, J/cm2 930 735 10 45 78 The tests of plates of HGC-ceramics with Ti-TiCrN-TiCrAlSiN were carried out in machining of crown end of work pieces for gear wheels made of steel 3310H on a lathe of model 16K40.After roughing and thermal machining, work pieces for gear wheels made of steel 3310H were cemented along the entire height of gear crown (number of teeth of wheel crown z = 75, module m = 10) to depth h = 2.05-2.4 mm up to hardness HRC3>56 when hardness of base metal HRC> 30 (Fig. 2).

The test data and analysis Applying this experimental device, we have completed a number of electric galvanizing experiments under typical different parameters.
Table 1: Electric galvanized experiment under different plating parameters Sample number distance between anode plate and cathode plate.
There is great difference of zinc layer microstructure gained from the gravity test of galvanized under different plating parameters (distance between anode plate and cathode plate, solution flow rate, current density and electroplating time, etc.), and the change of zinc grain size and orientation follows with the change of current density, electrolyte solution flow rate and plate spacing.

Introduction At present time there is a large number of machines and mechanisms where parts with working cylindrical internal surfaces of small diameter (less than 100 – 120 mm) are used: hydro- and pneumatic actuators, rings of frictionless bearings and others, to which higher requirements on reliability and durability are produced.
At a classical burnishing with the increase of a number of working rings the roughness of a surface worked decreases.
Dobromyslov, Dimensional Effects in Micro- and Nanostructural Changes in Grain and Intragrained Structure of Steel 45 at Static-pulse Treatment, Journal of Nano and Electronic Physics. 7 (2015) 04023(4pp)

Many kinds of methods have been taken to enhance the UC PL intensity, such as annealed[16], grain sized reduction[17], crystal surface coating[18], sensitizing agent codoped[19], and so on.
In the UC processes, UC PL intensity changes as the excitation power changes, which complies with the following relation: (1) where n is the number of laser photons which are required on the UC processes.
The number of Tm3+ ions in 3H5 state reduces.

In Ukraine there is a tendency to increase the number of man-made emergencies, which directly affects the state of the environment and the population.
The extraction process is diffusive - the solvent selectively extracts the oil from the prepared material of the pre-press grain.

The current research investigates this effect in a series of simple forming tests using a number of different metal specimens.
This result is consistent with previous findings that ultrasonic excitation leads to a reduction in the forming force and in the break force which can be explained by effective material softening due to the acoustoplastic effect [5] and dependency on factors such as acoustic impedance, internal friction, lattice imperfections, flow resistance, grain boundaries and impurities [6,7].

Modification of boride coatings formed by intermetallic compounds with melting temperatures close to the process temperature of HFC surfacing leads to a decrease in the cracks number and the appearance of new consumer qualities of the material.
Perevalova, The evolution of the grain structure during the extrusion of the intermetallic compound Ni3Al during the high-temperature synthesis under pressure, II.

Data of numbers of methanogens, fungi, ciliate and cellulolytic indicated that they were linearly decreased by addition of FLLE (p<0.05).
And PCR efficiency (ε) for each extract was determined using the equation ε=10-1/slope, based on a linear regression of the cycle number where fluorescence was detected (threshold cycle) versus the log dilution, as outlined by Liu and Saint [11].
The N constant was calculated by the equation N=N0×εn, where n0 is the mumber of methanogens per the quantity of DNA initially present in the sample, ε is the PCR efficiency, and n is the cycle number.
It was also reported that ciliates also provide hydrogen as a substrate for methanogens to produce methane[20,21] Decreased number of rumen ciliates by addition of FLLE partially explains the inhibited methane production in this study.
Sarsaponin effects on in vitro continuous flow fermentation of a high grain diet.

This type of breakage is mostly observed in the case comprising complex and aesthetic designed femoral head articulation, it also discovered that consummate head comprises higher grain size which decrease the wear of the working surfaces [31], [35], [85], [86].
The alumina material comprises larger grain size, lower thickness along with high porosity, this combination can cause the terrible increase in wear rates[31], [51], [85], [86], [88].
The polymer comprises the wear test, higher impact test and low grain sizes.
The metallic’s blends are produced through two different type of production strategy, which comprises material with grain size of under 10 microns for designing and for casting of material grain size is considered from 30 to 1000 microns [110].
The escalation of the progress respecting to THA materials deployment, which comprises factors like the expenditure increases with increase in the number of hip arthroplasties.

This may lead to excessive solid-state diffusion and hence possibly to an increased density of faults and defects in the crystal structure, moreover, bulk order may be broken at the grain boundaries and interfaces.
The surface energy is then the difference between the energy of the slab and that of an equal number of atoms in the bulk.
However, this interdiffusion process becomes very slow and almost finishes when the average number of nearest silver neighbours of the Ag atoms on the surface reaches 2.
The forming of such a five-layer AAKAA surface structure results in a third of the surface Pd atoms having increased their number of nearest neighbours from 9 (the close packed f.c.c. (111) surface) to 13 (see also [31]).
The number of Pd atoms in each couple layers A and A coincides with the number of Ni atoms in the Kagomé net layer, therefore, the total atomic fraction involved in the build up of the five-layer AAKAA Pd2Ni ordering surface-sandwich structure in the nanoparticle with consideration of some imperfection of icosahedral order in Kagomé net layer can be estimated at  70 %.