Search results

i, n, Xi and yi are the serial number, the group number, the vector of dependent variables and the result values for the observed data, respectively. φ(Xi, β) is the theoretical values.
Setting the initial value β(0), the next searching point is determined by Eq. 11. . (11) where, k is the serial number of searching step. λk is the searching step size.
The stop criterion is defined as: . (14) where, ε is the given error requirement of small positive number.
GF, GW, CHS, CLS, MLG and SC are the soil type names, including gravel containing fine grained soil, well graded gravel, clay of high liquid limit containing sand, clay of low liquid limit containing sand, silt of low liquid limit containing gravel, and clayey sand, respectively.
The linear regression was analyzed to obtain the multiple correlation between the two as below: . (19) where, n is the sample number.

In a previous work [15], replaced 100% of natural sand with three different types of RA which is recycled aggregates with a maximum grain size equal to 5 mm.
The number of cube specimens used in the compression tests is shown in (Table 2).
A series of specimens had formed, which was masonry prism with different types of bricks, mortar joint and span length (number of joint).
Fig. 7: Collapse load with different number of mortar joint.
This result had shown that increase in number of joint is not necessarily decreases the bonding strength of masonry prism.

Second, it employs a three tiered system that begins at a large, coarse-grained scale and progressively works its way to a finer, street-level scale.
To guarantee the accuracy of IP geolocation, a certain number of landmarks, which are mainly the Web servers of school, hospital, government, supermarket, and so on, should be extracted. 2) Getting traceroute paths.
The system uses a certain number of machines as vantage points to distribute TCP and ICMP packets to the above-mentioned landmarks. 3) Repairing traceroute results.
As shown in TABLE Ⅱ, the results show that the number of valid paths is increased significantly by ITRG.
In particular, the number of valid paths in round 4 is increased by 50.4%.

A quenching rate above the critical quenching rate of the workpiece material is essential to avoid the generation of coarse precipitates on the grain boundaries, which diminishes the artificial ageing response of the workpiece material [12,13].
Three equations of dimensionless numbers werefirst defined to describe the character of the heat transfer system: (1) Nu=0.664Re1/2Pr1/3∙λl (2) (3) Where Nu is the Nusselt number, Re is the Reynolds number, Pr is the Prandtl number, h is the heat convective coefficient, l is the characteristic length of the system, λ is the thermal conductivity of the specimen,v is the velocity of the flow and υ is the kinematic viscosity [20-22].
Rearranging the equations, a new equation for hwasderived: (4) Referring to the tables for the physical properties of air, the Prandtl number andkinematic viscositywere found with the characteristic temperature of the system [20].
The Biot number is the ratio of the heat transfer resistances inside of and at the surface of a body, and describes the temperature distribution of the specimen [23].
Generally, the temperature of the specimen can be assumed to be uniform if the Bi number is less than 0.1.

A persistent issue in the utilisation of constitutive equations in forming simulations has been an inability to easily determine accurate values for a large number of constants.
Viscoplastic flow (σv), another additional term which describes grain boundary sliding and rotation [14].
The square of the difference between the flow stress of the experimental and computational data for each curve is calculated at a number of discrete points, and weighted according to importance (i.e. the low-strain region is assigned increased importance to accurately determine the initial part).
Compounding the difficulty in determining constants is the fact that the large number of them (14) results in an incredibly large search space.
Start User defined: LB UB popnumber StopTolerance DataImportFunction.m User .txt (Material Data) End strain_exp_reduced stress_exp_compiled number_of_SRs Unique_SRs Temperature_array GA numberOfVariables LB UB options x fval FitnessFunction.m total_stress_error x number_of_SRs Unique_SRs Temperature_array Stress_exp_compiled Integrator.m stress_comp_reduced current_data_sets et b rho k K current_SR E n A C delta PlotFunction.m MainScript.m state options state flag number_of_SRs Unique_SRs Temperature_array stress_exp_compiled OutputFunction.m options state flag state options optchanged   Write to: [iteration].mat PlotterFunction.m x number_of_SRs Unique_SRs Temperature_array stress_exp_compiled Write to: Variables.csv Fig. 3 Optimiser Scripts and Functions The principle of operation is as follows: 1.

F ions could be incorporated into TiO2 lattice, prevent grain growth, and inhibit phase transformation from anatase to rutile, which also contribute to creation of oxygen vacancies, and increasing of active sites.
When F/Ti > 0.08, a large number of rutile TiO2 (ICDD PDF-#73-1765; 2θ = 27.47°) appeared in the catalysts, indicating that the incorporation of F inhibited the formation of rutile TiO2.
It might be due to the appearance of a large number of MnTiO3 in these two groups of catalysts, which is difficult to break down within 1000°C.
When the F content rose, a large number of acid sites on the catalysts surface reduced and the adsorption ability of NH3 weakened due to the formation of MnTiO3, so the activity decreased rapidly.
At the same time, the number of acid sites on the catalyst surface increases, and the redox ability of the catalyst is enhanced, thereby the catalytic activity is improved.

Heat generating from friction stir and cooling cause intense plastic deformation (material flow) through the stirring action, which create dynamically recrystallized fine grains, break up the large particles and produce defect free homogenous microstructure [9, 10].
Furthermore, two-pass FSP, with100% overlapping, results in an increase in the number of small-sized particles [17,18].
Saito, “Mechanical Property Improvements in Aluminum Alloy through Grain Refinement using Friction Stir Process,” Mater.

Upon development the microstructural, physical, and electrochemical behaviours will be evaluated. 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.1.1 Zinc Zinc is an important element in the periodic table with an atomic number of 30.
Working together, material scientists, electrochemists, and corrosion specialists may provide a thorough grasp of the behaviour of the coatings and their implications for a variety of applications. 4.2 Conclusions Coating thickness played a pivotal role in enhancing properties across various fronts: the presence of additives not only increased thickness but also bolstered grain growth and boundaries, subsequently improving overall properties and reducing cathodic current densities.
Moreover, the coated samples exhibited marked increases in hardness, with Zn-6CaO-6MnO2 displaying the highest hardness, owing to microstructural alterations influenced by factors like residual stress, porosity, phase composition, binder content, and grain size.

Air-Cushion belt conveyor as well as traditional conveyor, could be widely used to transport all kinds of bulk materials internally and between each department of industry, such as coal, metallurgy, chemical, electric, building, grain, port and coal mine.
The length of air-cushion is L=40mm, the number of the air-hole rows is n=7, the row space position angles are θ=8 ,16 ,24 .
Li: Journal of Zhengzhou Grain College.

Four effects (two exothermic and two endothermic), numbered I to IV, are evident.
(c, d and e adapted from [21]) The strength model In polycrystalline materials several hardening mechanisms operate, and the yield strength should generally be given by [25]: σy = ∆σGB + M·τtot (1) where ∆σGB is the grain boundary strengthening, M is an orientation factor (often termed the Taylor factor), and τtot is the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of the grains which is determined by several strengthening mechanisms, most notably intrinsic hardening, precipitate hardening (including co-cluster hardening) and solution hardening.