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Online since: January 2022
Authors: Sinem V. Kurudirek
This is due to the coordination of both ammonium hydroxide and PEI molecules to Zn+2, thus reducing the number of free Zn+2 ions in solution.
According to a coordinate number analysis of NZn-Zn/NZn-O, Liang et al. (2011) deduced that ZnO nanowires grown under normal hydrothermal growth conditions have a high number of Zn atoms in the structure (i.e., interstitial Zn, Zni) [33].
They also mentioned that when PEI and NH3 were added to the solution, a high number of O atoms were incorporated into the ZnO nanowires (i.e., interstitial O, Oi).
Kurudirek greatly appreciate TÜBİTAK for the grant through the number 1059B141300554.
Zhukov, T.Yao, Correlation between grain size and optical properties in zinc oxide thin films, Appl.
Online since: April 2022
Authors: Yurii Bataiev, Oksana Kornienko, Oleksandr Bykov, Anatoliy Samelyuk, Serhii Yushkevych
At present, a large number of experimental and review works are devoted to the transport properties of solid solutions of cerium doped with rare earth elements, depending on temperature, oxygen partial pressure, composition and microstructure [9].
From the above data it follows that there is an increase in the parameters of the unit cell F-CeO2 with an increase in the number of alloying impurities.
This filling of vacancies with increasing number of Ce0.50La0.50O1.75 leads to the transformation of the ordered C-type phase into a disordered phase with a fluorite-type structure, because the driving force of ordering, i.e. the number of vacancies, gradually decreases with increasing number of alloying impurities.
Light grains belong to the cubic phase of C-Yb2O3.
A significant number of pores are formed on the surface of the structure, which are located on the boundary of the two cubic phases F-CeO2 and C-Yb2O3 (Fig. 9 i-j).
Online since: January 2009
Authors: Ji Liang Wang, Bei Xing Li, Ming Kai Zhou
Table 2 Workability and compressive strength of C60 concretes Mixture number Limestone dust content (%) Mineral admixture amount (%) slump (mm) Slump flow (mm) Compressive strength (MPa) 7d 28d RS-1 0 0 210 420 69.2 81.9 RS-2 0 11.3 220 450 68.3 79.8 MS-1 3.5 0 220 550 63.7 74.3 MS-2 7 0 195 470 65.9 81.5 MS-3 10.5 0 210 480 68.0 84.3 MS-4 14 0 205 400 73.9 87.6 MS-5 3.5 FA 11.3 210 510 62.4 74.7 MS-6 7 FA 11.3 215 500 72.1 79.7 MS-7 10.5 FA 11.3 180 480 68.9 83.8 MS-8 14 FA 11.3 220 400 68.0 83.3 MS-9 3.5 GBFS 17 215 530 69.3 83.6 MS-10 7 GBFS 17 205 450 69.3 85.2 MS-11 10.5 GBFS 17 210 460 71.8 87.9 MS-12 14 GBFS 17 210 470 70.0 80.4 The results of compressive strength from Table 2 shows that most MS-HPCs show higher compressive strength at 7 and 28 days than the RS-HPCs.
The reason for the addition of a limestone dust increasing compressive strength of MS-HPC are that: the limestone dust grains act as nucleation sites for CH and C-S-H reaction products at early hydration ages, and accelerate the hydration of clinker minerals, especially C3S [6], and carboaluminates are formed by the reaction between limestone dust and C3A [7], resulting in an improvement in early strength; the microfines can fill the voids among aggregate particles, and the improvement of fine-particle packing can increase the density of paste matrix and interfacial transition zone in hardened concrete [8].
Table 3 Elasticity modulus and drying shrinkage of C60 concretes Mixture number Elasticity modulus of 28-day (GPa) Drying shrinkage (×10-6) 1d 3d 7d 14d 28d 56d 90d 180d RS-1 48.6 78 118 177 272 364 458 486 500 RS-2 47.6 72 101 170 235 317 404 445 475 MS-1 49.1 69 102 215 282 333 423 485 498 MS-2 45.2 82 113 223 297 354 448 501 522 MS-3 47.3 95 125 203 273 337 417 480 490 MS-4 43.1 95 120 186 271 335 411 459 470 MS-5 45.5 63 85 203 271 319 409 468 496 MS-6 47.3 64 89 207 282 341 433 488 518 MS-9 44.5 74 118 229 299 347 436 491 516 MS-10 44.5 61 95 203 252 293 381 441 475 The effect of microfines content on the dry shrinkage of MS concrete is related with dry curing ages.
Table 5 Effect of clay content on workability and strength of C60 concretes Mixture number Clay content (%) Limestone dust content (%) MBV FA amount (%) Slump (mm) Slump flow (mm) Compressive strength (MPa) 7d 28d MS-13 0 7 1.35 11.3 220 550 58.6 71.2 MS-14 3 4 2.50 11.3 210 380 61.2 73.2 MS-15 5 2 4.50 11.3 90 - 63.3 74.4 In general, the presence of excessive quantities of clay is considered harmful to concrete.
Table 6 Effect of clay content on drying shrinkage of mortars Mixture number Clay content (%) Limestone dust content (%) Drying shrinkage (×10-6) 1d 3d 7d 28d 60d MS-13 0 7 189 493 594 610 639 MS-14 3 4 220 494 708 736 766 MS-15 5 2 255 511 725 754 787 Note: The mixture proportion for MS-13, MS-14 and MS-15 mortars is equal to each original concrete mixture, but deducting crushed stone.
Online since: June 2025
Authors: Budi Purnama, Suharyana Suharyana, Nilam Rikamukti, Nurdiyantoro Putra Prasetya, Utari Utari, Riyatun Riyatun
Strontium is an alkaline earth metal that has a divalent ion with an ionic radius of 1.26 Å, which is different from cobalt's divalent ion of 0.90 Å [15]; So that the replacement of strontium can affect the crystallite size as well as grain size, consequently, modify the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite.
The XRD pattern peaks produced by the three Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are in accordance with ICDD data reference number 22-1086.
The first characteristic is observed in the wave number range 3400-1400 cm-1 which is thought to originate from the H-O-H stretching and bending vibration modes of free or absorbed water molecules [24].
The second characteristic of this absorption curve is at a wave number around 600-380 cm-1 (see insert in Figure 3) which is a general characteristic of spinel ferrite for both samples.
Acknowledgment This study was financially supported by the Doctoral Dissertation Research (PDD), Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia contract number: 194.2/UN27.22/PT.01.03/2024.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Xiao Wei Qian
In the top half, use the sign of closeness degree to indicate the closeness degree, while in the bottom half, use the number to indicate the reason for determining the closeness degree.
First, use the maximum in the matrix to subtract the different elements of Q and transform all the results into positive numbers to get a new matrix Q1.
Do the same row by row until the number of 0 marked by “ * ” is the same as the number of stairs in matrix, but notice that every chosen 0 which is marked with “ * ” must be in different columns.
Fig.2-2 Hungarian Method to analyze the correlation between function areas and traffic exits If the matrix Q is not square matrix, which means the number of function areas are not the same as the number of exits, the function area which has not been assigned yet will be set as close to the exit with large proportion as possible according to its share of different exits.
The Application of SLP in Interior Planning of Grain Logistics Centers.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Wei Xuan Fang, Jing Wang
A large number of heavy metals had gone into tailings for limited mining recovery 4】.
Therefore, the water sources and soil are contaminated in different degree by tailings, slag and waste water produced by non-ferrous mineral exploration, and the output of plants, grain crops and other farm crops grown there is obviously decreased and has different level of quality problems.
Results and Analysis Investigation and Analysis for As Contamination in Soil Arsenic Content in Raw Ore: Table 1 As Content in ores of 1800 mine section of Gejiu Kafang Mining Area (mg·kg-1) Numbering J18-10 J18-11 J18-12 J18-13 J18-14 J18-15 J18-16 As 9544.9 141.5 3095.1 6469.1 78.2 40.4 8107.3 Arsenic minerals in Gejiu Kafang mining area are mostly arsenopyrite and gersdorffite, while in oxidized ores are conichalcite, scorodite, duftite and arsenic-lead-vanadium ore.
Table 3 As Content in Soil Nearby Gejiu Kafang Tailing Pond (mg·kg-1) Numbering TH-018 TH-019 TH-020 TH-031 TH-032 TH-031 TH-032 As 316 235 4565 3646 4825 3555 3579 Arsenic Pollution in Plant High content of heavy mental element in soil is threat for plant as the influence on its growth, development and breeding.
Table 5 Trace Elements in Tailing Pond Water of Gejiu Area (μg/L) Serial Number Sample No.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Alfred Peter Miodownik, N. Saunders, Zhan Li Guo, J.P. Schille
Number of Nuclei.
(6) Here No is the number of potential sites for nucleation, ao is an atomic spacing, G* is the Gibbs energy barrier to nucleation, k is Boltzman's constant, N is Avogadro's number, T is the temperature, α is a constant relating ∆Hm to the matrix/nucleus interfacial energy, f(θ) = (2-3cosθ+cos3 θ)/4, where θ is the effective wetting angle, and ∆Hm , ∆Gm , are the enthalpy and molar Gibbs energy driving force of transformation respectively.
For the CCT diagram calculation, the transformation is approximated by the summation of a number of isothermally steps, following the Scheil additivity rule.
The site saturation condition is assessed at each temperature step by calculating the nucleation site number, which is the product of the nucleation rate at temperature Ti and time 0 it .
For the present, the precipitation of each phase is assumed to occur in the absence of other competing phases; work is in progress to extend this treatment to include the re-solution of prior precipitates of higher metastability as well as including grain-size as an additional variable.
Online since: September 2018
Authors: Maryam Mudasir, Riaz Ahmed
Their melt processing is important from rheological point of view as differences in melt flow properties of pure polymer and their clay nanocomposites could be possible due to grain structure, size and surface characteristics of the nano filler [7, 8].
The transmittance peaks were observed on the characteristic wavelength region of a clay mineral after Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) (PerkinElmer, Spectrum One) over the wave numbers ranging from 450 to 4000 cm−1 with FR-DTGS detector.
PP 2MFI had more number of small fringes, which were closely placed in each photograph as compared to PP 7MFI (Fig. 2a & b).
The photograph at similar flow rate explains that the number of fringes (i.e., maximum stress buildup) was identical in both cases, but the appearance of fringes was entirely different.
Similar results have been reported for a number of linear and branched polyolefins melt [35, 36, 38, 44, 45].
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Sergey Ermakov, Aleksey Bogdanov, Valery Mulyarchik, Valery Konstantinov, Victor Danishevskii
The concentration of the tie water in the PG was determined according to GOST 2477-65 and with a method that the authors developed purposefully based on the analysis of the PG IR spectra within the range of wave numbers 3700–3000 cm–1 of the respective bands of absorption of valence vibrations of the OH groups.
The effectiveness of the method is well evident from the analysis of the IR-spectra of the PGs in question within the range of wave numbers 3700–3000 cm–1 corresponding to the relevant bands of absorption of valence vibration of the OH-groups (Fig. 4a).
Fig. 4 IR spectra (a) and the dependence of the optical density at a wave number of 3388 cm–1 It follows from the data in Fig. 3 that the tie water concentration affects substantially the PG physico-mechanical properties.
The soap distributes in the base in the form of separate grains; its thickening effect falls so that the resulting PG has an unstable structure.
The water quantity in the PG is indicated when it is prepared In this case, these absorption bands become manifest most intensively at the wave numbers 1575 and 1542 cm–1 corresponding to the soaps of higher fatty acids resulting from the neutralization.
Online since: March 2020
Authors: Peverga Rex Jubu, Iorkyaa Ahemen, Fong Kwong Yam
The number of mole of Ga2O3 that decompose per time is equal to the number of H2 atoms (H2 concentration) in the reactor.
Because carrier gas was excluded in the recipe, greater number of the gaseous species moved to the downstream being assisted by the reducing gas partial pressure, but a small fraction of it moved to the upstream due to temperature gradient and high pressure in this region.
According to Chao et al [26]. the highest intensity recorded on the sample could be traced to reduction in the number of atoms and electron density in the unit cells.
This value undergo constriction from 0.755 to 0.547 and 0.507 when the flow rate increased from 100 to 300 sccm, signifying a decline in the number of crystals oriented in the crystallographic (111) direction on the various samples as shown in Fig.1(b).
Meanwhile, the largest grain size obtained on sample at 50 sccm could be linked to high crystalline quality, low root-mean-square strain of 1.740 ×10-4, and low lattice strain of 2.181 ×10-4.
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