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The LCST is mainly dependent on the hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between water molecules and the structure of functional units of the polymer [11].
Table 1 shows a different structure of selective temperature –responsive materials with LCST behaviour.
Materials Structure LCST (°C) Ref.
The fibrous structure leads to a large surface-to-mass ratio, and would thus enable efficient release of substances [23][24].
The bead structure is mainly due to their low concentration effect.

XPS has been widely used for the characterization of metal compounds structure and their interactions with membranes and films constituted by polymers, their interaction with catalyst, yeast, algal biomass, and synthetic sorbents [3].
This indicates that copper adsorption can take place on the structure imino bond resulting from chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde.
This can be attributed that surface Cu(II) ions are in an octahedral environment, in contrast with the copper spinel structure, where copper occupies predominantly the tetrahedral sites.
The reduction occurred in this crosslinked chitosan thin film indicates that the binding of oxidized form of copper ions are probably less stable in this environment; where less amino group after glutaraldehyde crosslinking, more imino group and crosslinked structure are available [11].
After the adsorption of copper(II) ion, the XPS spectra of C 1s peak intensity decreased especially for imino bonds revealed that Cu(II) adsorption can take place on the structure of imino bond.

Previous studies of the subsolidus structure of the three-component CaO-ВаО-Fe2O3 system revealed the existence of the Ca2Fe2O5-Ва2Fe2O5 binary section in it [15, 16].
Assessment of fire resistance of fireproof reinforced concrete structures. 
Myrgorod, Thermodynamics of Solid-Phase Exchange Reactions Limiting the Subsolidus Structure of the System MgO-Al2O3-FeO-TiO2, Materials Science Forum, 1038 (2021) 177-184
Gomza, Influence of synthesis conditions on the fractal structure and properties of nanodispersed barium hexaferrite, Ukrainian Chemical Journal, T. 76, No. 3, (2010) P. 30-35
Pinpchuk, Solid State Chemistry (short course): textbook, Kyiv, Artek Publishing House, 2018

The following comments can be made from it: (a) first image: 1) there were some defects in the coating; 2) ZAM coating consisted of a duplex structure (a Al-Fe alloy layer and a Zn/MgZn2 eutectic, and this comment was based on the following comments of (c), (d) and (e)); 3) the interface of steel/coating was uneven, which was attributed to the violent reaction of Al from the zinc bath and Fe from the steel plate; (b) second image: the Al-Fe alloy layer was composed of many globular Fe2Al5 phases with a diameter of about 1 μm, containing a small amount of zinc [8], and this comment was based on the following comment of (f); (c) iron image: this element was largely present in the Al-Fe alloy layer besides the steel plate, and this phenomenon could be attributed to the diffusion of Fe from steel plate during hot dipping and the solidification process of the molten zinc alloy; (d) aluminium image: this element was abundant in the Al-Fe layer and scarce in the Zn/MgZn2 eutectic structure
The following comments can be made from it: (a) first image: 1) there was no defect in the coating; 2) the thick Al-Fe alloy layer in the ZAM coating was replaced by a interface layer located at the interface of the steel/coating; 3) ZAM-S5 coating was mainly composed of Zn/Al/MgZn2 ternary eutectic structure and the black blocky phases; the black blocky phases could be identified as Al dendrites (this comment was based on the following comment of (d)); (b) second image: the thin Al-Fe layer was composed of many fine Fe2Al5 grains with a size diameter of about 20~ nm to 100 nm, containing Si and Zn [8]; (c) iron image: the diffusion of Fe was almost totally suppressed by the addition of Si, and this could be attributed to the presence of fine Fe2Al5 phases [8]; (d) aluminium image: this element was present in the dendrites and Zn/Al/MgZn2 structure, and it segregated towards the coating surface [18]; (e) zinc image: this element was present in the Zn/Al/MgZn2 eutectic structure;
Mori, Chemistry of corrosion products on Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel, Corros.

According to the energy density, which depends on the speed, power, and diameter of the laser, the powder melts partially or completely, while the destruction of crystalline structures, in particular, spherulite, which is most characteristic of polyether ketones, occurs.
The absence of pressure leads to the formation of a porous structure and, as a result, the product is inferior to injection molding in its mechanical properties.
The main disadvantage of this technology can be attributed to the lack of pressure during the sintering of powder particles, which leads to the formation of a porous structure of the product, as a result of which the printed samples are inferior in casting mechanical properties.
Davies, et al., High Temperature Laser Sintering (HT-LS): An investigation into mechanical properties and shrinkage characteristics of Poly (Ether Ketone) (PEK) structures, Materials and Design. 61 (2014) 124-132
Slonov, et al., Synthesis and properties of polyetheretherketones for 3d-printing, Fibre Chemistry. 49 (2018) 414-419

The structure diagram of micro-heater and micro temperature sensor of micro-chamber stationary PCR microchip is shown in Figure 3.
The structure diagram of micro-heater and micro temperature sensor of PCR microchip The control strategy of Smith predictive adaptive Fuzzy-PID 2.1 The system architecture of Smith predictive adaptive Fuzzy-PID controller In this system, the micro-reaction chamber of microchip level PCR instrument is regarded as the controlled object, and the micro-reaction chamber temperature is regarded as the controlled variable.
The structure diagram of Smith predictor PID controller is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5.The structure diagram of Smith predictor PID controller In figure 5, the transfer function of the controlled object can be expressed as follows: （1） Where is the part without temperature delay of transfer function of controlled object, is the transfer function of conventional PID controller, and it can be expressed as follows: （2） is the compensation function of Smith predictor, and it can be expressed as follows: （3） According to the structure diagram of Smith predictor PID controller, in order to achieve the optimum control of the controlled object, the compensation function of Smith predictor, , should be to completely offset the part temperature delay of transfer function of controlled object, that is , , and the compensation unit should be to play
Landre, et al.: Analytical Chemistry, Vol.68 (1996) No.23, p. 4081 [2] P.

For the MIPPA, the structure is more porous compare to MIPOA and NIP.
It also has been proved by Arias et al. in which a structure with more pores is expected to enhance its extraction performance [14].
In addition, in the chemical structure of oleic acid, there was 1 double bond at the hydrophobic area.
In the absence of the double bond at the hydrophobic area, it will more likely to mimic the MIPPA which consist of absence of double bond in the palmitic acid structure.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 288, no. 10, 2013, pp. 7117–26, doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.415729

Water has great effects on geopolymer formation: the structure of the geopolymer gels and the properties of the products.
This results was similar to the effect of water to cement ratio on the compressive strength of OPCs [15,21].This may be as water helps to improve the efficiency of geopolymerization on the geopolymer formation structure as it can make a hydrolysis reaction and dissolve alumino-silicate forming various ions such as Al3+ and Si4+ [13].
For a curing time of 10 min, the compressive strength decreased because after the loss of water molecules, the granular structure of the geopolymer mixture may break, and the samples may not transform to a semi-crystalline form [23].
Coles, Kaolinite properties, structure and influence of metal retention on pH, App.
Nitin, Longman Science Chemistry 10, Piblished by Dorling kindersley India, 2008

Among the zeolite structures discovered so far, only few synthetic zeolites (A, X, Y, ZMS-5) account of the majority of industrial applications such as adsorption, ion-exchange, separation and catalysis [1].
XRD patterns of Z1 and Z6 are relative to HS and Na-LTA structure, respectively.
The Si/Al molar ratio of NaLTA and HS zeolites are close to unity which is in agreement with those structures.
Band near 569 cm-1 was assigned to the vibrations of tetrahedra from external linkages of the double rings in the framework structure.
Barrer, Hydrothermal Chemistry of Zeolites; Academic Press: London, (1982)

This raise difficult questions about fine structure of filler surface, estimation of the number of active centers, and nature of their interaction with polymer matrix.
Fortunately, application of new experimental techniques, developed meanwhile for the characterization of materials as atomic force microscopy, X-ray scattering, neutron scattering, infinite dilution inverse gas chromatography, etc., provided deeper insight to a fine structure of fillers [1-3].
Different behavior may be expected for fillers with different surface structure.
Thus, this ratio will depend on both the detailed structure of the network and the history of its formation.
Unperturbed dimensions of the segments means that the space distribution of chain links are not perturbed by interactions of atom separated at long distance along the chain contour, but determined only by local constrains related to the geometrical factors of the bond structure and hindrances to rotation about bonds.