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The X’Pert HighScore Plus Software was used to analyze the structure of synthesized samples.
The XRD patterns displayed in Fig. 1 (a) showed that Sr(0) presented mainly amorphous structure with a broad peak.
As the atomic radius of Sr2+ is larger than Ca2+, the spacing in the glass structure is larger and thus the sin θ value is smaller, which shifts the amorphous peak to lower 2θ values.
The FESEM images show the formation of the apatite structure over the glass surface.
Tahriri, Synthesis and evaluation of mechanical and biological properties of scaffold prepared from Ti and Mg with different volume percent, Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry. 45 (2015) 1087-91

By the X-ray diffraction using a monochromatic Cu Kα1 1.54056A, the crystalline structure are investigated and atomic force microscopy (AFM) is examined in the surface morphology, AFM quantities are approved by using the scanning probe microscope (SPM-Solver P47, NT-MDT, Russia).
Table (1) shows the comparison of structure values of grain size in different annealing temperatures.
Then, the enhancement of the structure mains to the rise of the mobility and increasing Iph, I–V characteristic of the NiSe2/Si solar cell prepared at R.T and at different Ta values are shown in Fig. (7).
The X-ray diffraction results show that the structure films is polycrystalline.
[8] Zhuang Z, Peng Q, Zhuang J, Wang X, Li Y., “Controlled hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of a nickel selenide series” Chemistry European Journal, 12(1) (2005):211-217

This challenge prompts the exploration of solar thermal systems, which encompass various applications like solar energy storage for structures, water heating, drying, air heating [1-2].
Figure 1 displays Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images of SiO2, TiO2, ZnO and CuO nanomaterials, revealing distinctive structures for each.
SiO2 exhibits a semi-spherical shape, TiO2 appears spherical, ZnO adopts a rod-like structure, and CuO exhibits a lamellar configuration.
The key findings and conclusions drawn from the study are as follows: · FESEM analysis revealed distinct structural characteristics for the nanomaterials used: SiO2 displayed a semi-spherical structure, TiO2 exhibited a spherical morphology, ZnO had a rod-like structure, and CuO presented a lamellar configuration
Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2010 Aug 1;122(2-3):533-6

The Properties of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (WMTA) Made of Rice Husk Ash Silica and Limestone Calcium Carbonate and the Effect of Silica Particles Addition Anwar Jamana, Nuryono Nuryonob*, and Suyanta Suyantac Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
In this research, silica-based calcium carbonate-based white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) synthesis which has high silica purity obtained from rice husk with sonication treatment changes the shape of the SiO2 structure more regularly when it becomes amorphous.
Silica sonicated and silica fume treatment SEM image with 5000x magnification has a granular spherical texture that indicates the structure of the silica sonicated and silica fume are amorphous, the SEM results reinforce the characterization that silica with sonication treatment has an amorphous structure.
Characterization of MTA Structure Characterization and Crystallinity MTA crystallinity characterization has characteristic diffractogram peaks.
CSH is expected to form many layers to produce WMTA structures with compact properties and have better mechanical properties.

A number of research groups devote themselves to the studies of POSS-related polymeric nanocomposites, varying from synthesis to materials characterization, attempting to understand the relationships among processing, structure, and property.
The POSS-containing materials are a new class of nanostructured hybrid materials, which are the hybridization of an organic polymer and inorganic material on a nanosize scale, as an interesting building block for the construction of organic-inorganic hybrid structures [6-8].
The resultant PEG-POSS and PVA-POSS hybrids are amphiphilic and show microstructural features having characteristic structure of two separate crystalline components, that is, the dual system of semicrystalline polymers (PEG or PVA crystalline phases) and POSS crystalline phases.
Besides lots of efforts for developing new electrospun nanofibers, tailoring the surface chemistry and function of electrospun nanofibers is also of utmost importance for application of these materials: for example, modification of surface properties such as chemical composition, functionality, and charge as well as biocompatibility, is essential for utilization of the resultant nanofibers in specific applications.
As expected, electrospun PVA nanofibers are deposited as a randomly oriented fiber mats, forming a highly porous structure, which is held together by connecting sites such as crossing and bonding between the fibers.

Influence of the pH of Comb-shaped Polymer Solutions on the Adsorption Between the Polymer and SO42- Ions Guorong Duan1,2,a, Guohong Huang1,b, Xin Wang1,c, Ying Gong1,d 1Ruidi Engineering & Technology Center, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210024 China 2Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China aduangr2003@yahoo.com.cn, bghhuang@nhri.cn, cwangx@mail.njust.edu.cn, dgymm1984@163.com Keywords: Polycarboxylate polymer; Comb-shaped; Na2SO4; Adsorption Abstract.
Its structure consists of a grafted long-chain macromolecular structure; the backbone chain has large numbers of carboxylic acid groups and the branch chains are nonionic polyglycol structures.
Current studies on comb-shaped polymers have mainly focused on the relation between their structure and application; this relationship was often used to propose practical compositions of these comb-shaped macromolecules.
This resulted from the fact that most carboxylic acid groups in the acid sample were still bonded with H atoms, while most carboxylic acid groups in the molecular structure of the neutral (JS-2) and alkaline (JS-3) samples existed in the form of —COO2-.

Concept mapping for knowledge structure assessment Concept mapping stimulates learners to articulate and externalize their actual states of knowledge.
Novak and Gowin noted that concept mapping is a creative activity, in which the learners must exert effort to clarify concept meanings in specific domain knowledge, by identifying important concepts, establishing the concepts relationships, and denoting their structure [6].
The concept maps integrated in CEOCA also provides an innovative possibility to investigate the knowledge structure of students' observations.
More difficult items on concept-mapping are needed for the test to be able to describe the differences between students' knowledge structures.
Su: An assessment of multimedia as effective learning tools-dynamic factors in student learning attitude of general chemistry, Assessment of Multimedia as Effective Learning Tools Vol. 34 385-398 (2009), p.385 [4] A.

Surrounded by four oxygen atoms, one molybdenum atom is located at the symmetry center of tetrahedral structure in molybdates[6].
The crystal structure of samples were obtained on a XD-2 X-Ray Diffractometer with Cu-Kα（λ = 1.5406Å）at 36KV and 20mA.
But when all the Mo6+ ions are fully substituted by W6+ ions, the tungstate of LiY0.95Eu0.05(WO4)2, which is shown at the top of Fig. 1 (a), crystallizes in a totally different structure.
And the results of XRD (see Fig. 1) indicate that the molybdate-tungstate phosphors keep the scheelite structure as molybdates.
[5] Chung-Lun Lo, Jeng-Gong Duh, Bi-Shiou Chiou, Chao-Chi Peng, Lyuji Ozawa, Materials Chemistry and Physcis, 71 (2001) 179-189

However, these are effective short-term alternatives for refineries without a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) structure.
Therefore, the TRM structure is organized into three phases: preliminary activity; Roadmap development; and finally, continuity activity.
These "players" are marked by vertical arrows indicating their taxonomy, thereby finalizing the structure and organization of the Roadmaps.
CORMA, Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: Chemistry, catalysts, and engineering.
Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Department, Bio-Energy

Powder XRD investigation verified an orthorhombic crystal structure and lattice parameter .To evaluate optical energy band gap and optical transparency using UV-Vis spectral.
Glycine modifies the crystal structure by causing minor peak shifting and a reduction in peak intensity.
Advance in materials Physics and Chemistry. 5(10) (2015) 399-407