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Biosorbent Preparation and Comparative Analysis on Their Performance The performance of biosorbent in adsorption process is affected by certain sorbent properties including surface area, pore structure, surface chemistry, particle size, along with the nature of sorbate like polarity, molecular weight, and molecular structure.
Feng: ZSM-5@ MCM-41 Composite Porous Materials with a Core-shell Structure: Adjustment of Mesoporous Orientation Basing on Interfacial Electrostatic Interactions and Their Application in Selective Aromatics Transport, Sep. and Purif.
Chang: Preparation of Nano‐structured Pig Bone Hydroxyapatite for High‐efficiency Adsorption of Pb2+ from Aqueous Solution, Intern.

There is also the concept of transient or intermittent failures, in which an item does not provide the specified performance level for a period, and then once again provides the specified performance level, without repair of the item and sometimes without any intervention. [4] According to the Chinese military standard GJB 451, PoF refers to researching on failure mechanisms of the materials, parts and structures at the point of view of the physical and chemical micro-structure, and analyzing the influences of the working conditions, environmental stress and time on the degradation or failure process of the products [5].
The connotation of reliability is the struggle to failure so that we can take reliability as a kind of characteristics and design the reliability into the product, and the connotation of PoF is to study the failure mechanism from the rigorous physics and chemistry theories, and explore the root causes of the failure.
Any potential failures are specific functions of design parameters and environmental loading parameters, named as PoF model, and it can be expressed as: (1) Where Ti is time to failure under a particular failure mechanism, is mathematical function, x1, x2, …, xn are parameters of material properties, structure sizes, other design parameters, and loading /stress parameters.
Fig.1 The generic PoF procedure The PoF approach incorporates reliability into the design process by establishing a scientific basis for evaluating new materials, structures, and electronics technologies.

LIU Zhi-guang presented and built the web-3D emulating virtual lab on chemistry[3].
In machinery processing industry, machining always involves the operation and control of mass machines with complicated structures, and some of processes may be highly risks and need high expenditure.
The overall structure of the machining VR system: (1) Virtual scenes: external scene, internal scene. (2) Virtual equipment: machine tools, fitter’s worktable, tools, assembly parts. (3) Virtual workers: roaming, operating control.
By doing this in a recursive fashion, eventually resulting in a tree structure with a single bounding volume at the top of the tree to approximate the geometric model of the object.
(1) Geometric models for machines are built using Inventor to meet the features of mechanical parts such as complex structures and accurate sizes.

Desialylation of N-linked Carbohydrate Chain of Fibrinogen Kenji Kubotaa, Yoshiharu Toyama, Nobukazu Nameki, and Kaori Wakamatsu Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan akkubota@chem-bio.gunma-u.ac.jp Keywords: Fibrinogen, N-linked Carbohydrate Chain, Desialylation, Fibrin Polymerization Abstract.
Based on this viewpoint, the control of switchover from the first to the second step is the key point to construct normal network structure.
Structure of the carbohydrate chain is (Sia-Gal-GlcNAc-Man)2-Man-GlcNAc-GlcNAc.
Cleavage of the whole sialic acids both of the impaired and normal fibrinogens results in almost the same polymerization behavior, thrombin time, and the network structure [14,15].
In order to control the network structure in the polymer gel, compositions of monomer and branching agent or polymer and crossbridge agent are important.

Synthesis of Zeolite A from Mongolian Coal Fly Ash by Hydrothermal Treatment Ulambayar Rentsenorova*, Batmunkh Davaabalb, Jadambaa Temuujinc Laboratory of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia ae-mail: R.Ulambayar@gmail.com, be-mail: davaabalb@gmail.com, ce-mail: temuujin.mgl@gmail.com Keywords: Fly ash, zeolite, hydrothermal treatment, analcime, faujasite, hydroxyl-sodalite Abstract.
Zeolites are hydrated aluminosilicates that possess a three-dimensional framework structure.
This structure is formed by AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra that are connected by sharing an oxygen atom.
Physical properties such as surface structure, crystal structure and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were measured for the various products obtained by hydrothermal treatment.

At present, the aspects of domain ontology have been built mainly as follows: Medicine: Yang Liu[2]referenced to the "seven-step method ” proposed by Stanford University and combined with the actual situation of the Medicare audit domain, and built Medicare audit domain ontology; In China, researchers established medical knowledge base to study medical domain ontology and the class of medical ontology structure, and established 52 medical concepts class and 1691 kinds of medical properties and 107 medical relationship; Traditional Chinese Medicine integrated language system led in medicine discipline system, and follow the theoretical system of Chinese medicine disciplines, and aimed to establish a computerized and sustainable development, and to be the formation of the language of the TCM system platform[3].
This method mainly exists in the process of ontology building, and uses the concepts and the structure of relationship of thesaurus.
Table 1 ：Comprehensive comparison of different ontology builds methods Name Whether to support the evolution Method Detail Life cycle Applications Consistency with the IEEE standard Features Evaluation and Optimization IDEF5 Not proposed Detailed Not proposed Enterprises Not completely consistent Structured Optimization and validation Skeletal Methodology Not proposed Simple Not really Enterprises Not completely consistent Guideline Evaluation TOVE Not proposed Simple Not really Enterprises Not completely consistent Problem- based Evaluation METHONTOLOGY Not proposed Simple Proposed Chemistry Not completely consistent Life cycle Evaluation KACTUS Not proposed Detailed Not proposed Complex technical systems Not completely consistent Knowledge reuse Not proposed SENSUS Not proposed Normal Not proposed E-science, military, etc.
Although the previous step made together important terms form sets, but they were the vocabulary of no organizational structure.

The thickness of the outer layer and the inter-diffusion zone are about ~45μm and ~15μm, respectively, and the outer layer exhibits a double-player structure with the upper layer of ~10μm thick and the lower of ~35μm thick.
The surface oxide scales exhibited a multilayer structure which was porous and non-protective.
It is well known that the α-Al2O3 exhibits a dense and equiaxed structure which is different from the needle-like structure of θ-Al2O3 [14].
Datta, Relationship between pack chemistry and aluminide coating formation for low-temperature aluminisation of alloy steels, Acta Mater. 54 (2006) 4453–4463

Introduction Since Nd-Fe-B based alloy was discovered by Sagawa [1] and until now is one of the most attractive hard magnetic structures.
Herewith coercivity values and its decreasing for 400 rpm much stronger as compare to 200rpm that should be connected to bigger milling energy and higher influence on particles sizes and structure at 400rpm.
At the same time using of PBM at 400rpm leads to significant decreasing of remanence as compare to 200rpm because of stronger damaging of Nd2Fe14B structure.
Values of Ms (Fig. 5d) decreases continuously with milling time for both milling speed this is connected to damaging of crystal structure.
Ramanujan, Sol-Gel Based Chemical Synthesis of Nd2Fe14B Hard Magnetic Nanoparticles, Chemistry of Materials 22 (2010) 6509-6517

FTIR spectra of poly (AN)-starch nanoparticles graft copolymer confirm the changes of chemical structure of the starch nanoparticles molecule after grafting with AN.
While in case of poly (AN) - starch nanoparticles graft copolymer (Figure 3 b) there is some destruction of starch nanoparticles granules which lead to the losing of their original granular structure and a noteworthy change in the morphology of the copolymer was attained.
The resultant copolymer was characterized by FTIR, SEM and TGA as instrumental tool for elucidating the structure changes in comparison with starch nanoparticle counterpart.
Effect of polysaccharide nanocrystals on structure, properties, and drug release kinetics of alginate-based microspheres, Colloids Surf.
Synthesis and Characterization of AcrylicAcid-g-(α-Carrageenan) Copolymer and Study of Its Application, International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 2013, (2013), 1-8

Zeolite has a three-dimensional structure in a very regular crystal form with cavities connected in all directions, which causes the zeolite surface area to be very large, so it is very good to be used as an adsorbent [2].
The natural zeolite structure contains Si4+ atoms, sometimes replaced by Al3+ atoms, which causes the zeolite framework to be under-positive or excess-negative.
The cations in the cavity structure of the zeolite are not bound to a fixed position but can move freely in the zeolite cavity and act as an ion exchanger that can be exchanged with other cations.
Zeolite is a tectosilicate mineral composed of water molecules and alkali metals, so zeolite has a negative charge on the entire surface of its molecular structure, while Fe2+ and Mn2+ have a positive charge that ion exchange will occur [10].
Castellan, Physical Chemistry, third ed., Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.